"Look-Through" Earnings透视盈余
We"ve previously discussed look-through earnings, which we believe more accurately portray the earnings of Berkshire than does our GAAP result. As we calculate them, look-through earnings consist of: (1) the operating earnings reported in the previous section, plus; (2) the retained operating earnings of major investees that, under GAAP accounting, are not reflected in our profits, less; (3) an allowance for the tax that would be paid by Berkshire if these retained earnings of investees had instead been distributed to us. The "operating earnings" of which we speak here exclude capital gains, special accounting items and major restructuring charges.
之前我们曾经讨论过透视盈余,其主要的组成份子有(1)前段所提到的帐列盈余,加上(2)主要被投资公司的保留盈余,按一般公认会计原则未反应在我们公司帐上的盈余,扣除(3)若这些未反应的盈余分配给我们时,估计可能要缴的所得税。在这里我们所谓的营业盈余系扣除资本利得、特别会计调整与企业调整的主要支出。
Over time, our look-through earnings need to increase at about 15% annually if our intrinsic value is to grow at that rate. Last year, I explained that we had to increase these earnings to about $1.8 billion in the year 2000, were we to meet the 15% goal. Because we issued additional shares in 1993, the amount needed has risen to about $1.85 billion.
长期而言,如果我们的实质价值想要以每年15%的幅度来成长的话,那么透视盈余每年也必须增加以这个幅度来成长,去年我曾经提到,到公元2000年为止,Berkshire若要以15%的目标,透视盈余必须成长到18亿美元,而由于1993年我们又发行了一些新股,所以现在的门槛提高到18.5亿美元。
That is a tough goal, but one that we expect you to hold us to. In the past, we"ve criticized the managerial practice of shooting the arrow of performance and then painting the target, centering it on whatever point the arrow happened to hit. We will instead risk embarrassment by painting first and shooting later.
这是一个高难度的目标,不过也希望大家能够继续支持我们,在过去我们常常批评有些管理阶层总是先把箭射出去后再划上准心,不管这箭射得有多歪,因此关于这点我们宁愿先标出准心,然后再瞄准目标射箭。
If we are to hit the bull"s-eye, we will need markets that allow the purchase of businesses and securities on sensible terms. Right now, markets are difficult, but they can - and will - change in unexpected ways and at unexpected times. In the meantime, we"ll try to resist the temptation to do something marginal simply because we are long on cash. There"s no use running if you"re on the wrong road.
如果我们想要命中靶心,那么我们绝对需要有能以合理价格买到好的公司与股份的市场,不过对我们来说,现在市场上的情况并不理想,当然这种情况随时都有可能会改变,在此同时,我们也会尽量避免手上闲钱太多而去做那些浪费工夫的蠢事,若方向不对,再怎么努力冲刺也是白费力气。
The following table shows how we calculate look-through earnings, though I warn you that the figures are necessarily very rough. (The dividends paid to us by these investees have been included in the operating earnings itemized on page 8, mostly under "Insurance Group: Net Investment Income.")
各位可以从下表看出我们是如何计算透视盈余的,不过我还是要提醒各位这些数字有点粗糙,(被投资公司所分配的股利收入已经包含在保险事业的净投资收益项下)。
Berkshire"s Share of Undistributed
Berkshire"s Approximate Operating Earnings
Berkshire"s Major Investees Ownership at Yearend (in millions)
Capital Cities/ABC, Inc The Coca-Cola Company Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. GEICO Corp General Dynamics Corp The Gillette Company Guinness PLC The Washington Post Company Wells Fargo & Company
1993 13.0% 7.2% 6.8%(1) 48.4% 13.9% 10.9% 1.9% 14.8% 12.2%
1992 18.2% 7.1% 8.2%(1) 48.1% 14.1% 10.9% 2.0% 14.6% 11.5%
1993 $ 83(2) 94 41(2) 76(3) 25 44 8 15 53(2)
1992 $ 70 82 29(2) 34(3) 11(2) 38 7 11 16(2)
Berkshire"s share of undistributed earnings of major investees $439 $298
Hypothetical tax on these undistributed investee earnings(4) (61) (42)
Reported operating earnings of Berkshire 478 348
Total look-through earnings of Berkshire $856 $604
(1) Does not include shares allocable to the minority interest不包含Wesco的少数股权
(2) Calculated on average ownership for the year以年平均持有股权比例计算
(3) Excludes realized capital gains, which have been both recurring and significant扣除重复发生且金额大的已实现资本利得,
(4) The tax rate used is 14%, which is the rate Berkshire pays on the dividends it receives适用的税率为14%,这是Berkshire收到现金股利时的平均税率。
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