草原帝国

第148章


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  Cracow[地]克拉科夫,266,399
  Crimea[地]克里米亚,13,15,39,73,85,180,182,247,276;热那亚和威尼斯银行家,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;汗国,470,471,472,473,475,477;可萨里亚,180,314,401,403
  Croatia[地]克罗地亚,267
  Croats[族]克罗地人,175
  Cromerus[书]《克罗麦鲁斯编年史》,399
  Crusades and crusaders[专]十字军,245,246,349,449,451,452;参见Jerusalem
  Csanad[地]琼纳德,266
  Csongrad[地]琼格拉德,176
  Csuny[地]琼尼,176
  Ctesiphon[地]泰西封,68
  Cubuk[地]丘布克,451
  Cucuteni[地]库库特尼,4
  Cugiu[地]处州,见Chuchow
  Cumanian language[文]库蛮语,280
  Cumans[族]库蛮人,钦察人,见Kipchaks
  Currency: coins[专]钱币(怯伯币,纸钞),380,393,401;硬币,341;纸币,297,310,377
  Cyamba[朝]占婆,见Champa
  Cyandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho
  Cyaxares[人]奇阿克撒列,9
  Cyprus[地]塞浦路斯,281
  Cyril, St.,[人]圣·西利尔,180
  Cyrus[人]居鲁士,9
  Dacia[地]达西亚,45,72,73
  Dagestan[地]达吉斯坦,179,182
  Daha[地]帕哈,见Kediri
  Dahur[族]达呼尔族,515
  Dai-Sechen[人]德薜禅,200,206
  Dalai khan[人]达赖汗,524
  Dalai Lama (Tale-Lama; as title)[专]达赖喇嘛,514,581注
  Dalai Nor (Hulun Nor)[地]达赉诺尔(呼伦池),54,210,582注
  Dalai taiji[人]达赖台吉,523
  Dalmatia[地]达尔马提亚群岛,267
  Damascus[地]大马士革,154,155,261,360,361,362,363,365,382,419,447-448
  Damghan[地]达姆甘,240,428,461
  Damietta[地]达米埃塔,245,373
  Damna[地]达蒙纳,41
  Dandanaqan[地]丹丹坎,147,150
  Dandan-Uilik[地]丹丹-乌里克,52,96
  Daniel (of Galicia)[地](西里西亚的)丹尼勒,265,395,399
  Danishmend (Muslim doctors)[专]达失蛮(回教僧侣),602注
  Danishmend Behadur[人]答尼失蛮·巴黑都儿,385,386
  Danishmendids[朝]丹尼什门德王朝,154
  Danishmendiya[人]答失蛮察,343
  Daniyal-khoja[人]丹尼雅尔和卓,528,541
  Danube[地]多瑙河,4,72,74,75,76,78,79,148,173-178,181,182,184,185,267,268,295,399
  Dao-tu Ki[人]陶子奇,290
  Daquqa[地]达古格,245
  Daritai (Daritai-noyan; Daritai-ochigin)[人]答力台-斡赤斤,202,208,212,213
  Darius[人]大流士,9-10,23
  Darja[人]达尔扎,537
  Darqan (darqat; as title)[专]答儿罕(称号),222,586注-587注
  Darugachi (daruqachi; official)[专]达鲁花赤(地方官),243,259
  Daud[人]道特,149
  Daulet Girei III[人]道勒特·格来,477
  David (活跃于1248)[人]大卫,349
  David Lasha[人]大卫·拉沙,269,272,350
  David Narin[人]大卫·纳林,269,272,350
  Dawaji (Tawaji)[人]达瓦齐,537,538
  Dawud-khoja[人]达乌德火者,315,340,386
  Dayan[人]达延汗,509-510,539,540
  Dayan khan[人]达延汗,524
  Dayir Usun[人]带儿兀孙,215
  Daylam[朝]戴拉木王朝,355
  Daxata[地]达克沙塔,41
  Dbus[地]乌斯藏,524
  Deccan[地]德干高原,69,311,444
  Delhi[地]德里,242,260,339,341,417,419,420,443,444,445,446
  Denev[地]德勒夫,10
  Dengizich (Dinzigich)[人]顿吉兹奇(丁兹吉克),78-79
  Denha[人]腆合,304
  Denha, Mar[人]马·德赫,见Mar Denha
  Derbent[地]打耳班,8,246,281,282,366,369,376,398,430,437,441
  Derestuisk[地]德瑞斯特斯克,25,37
  Dervish[人]德尔维希,475
  Desna[地]德斯纳河,11
  Dewatdar[专]副掌印官,357
  Dilshad Agha[人]迪勒沙·阿哈,423
  Dimitrii Donskoi[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,405-406,407
  Dinzigich[人](顿吉兹奇)丁兹吉克,见Dengizich
  Dio Cassius[人]狄奥卡修斯,547注
  Diyarbakir (Amid)[地]迪亚巴克尔,261,262,263,360,433,456,459,462
  Dizful[地]迪兹富勒,432
  Djaylak[地]迪杰拉克,见Jaylak
  Djenkshi[人]靖克失汗,见Jenkshi
  Dnieper[地]第聂伯河,4,10,73,177,178,181,182,246,392,402,471
  Dniester[地]德聂斯特河,72,73,268,392,407,436
  Doab[地]多阿布,69,443,444
  Dobrogea (Dobruja)[地]多布罗加,78
  Dobun-mergen[人]朵奔蔑儿干,193
  Dolonnor[地]多伦诺尔,上都府,见Shangtuho
  Don[地]顿河,72,73,80,172,178,180,181,312,392,402,404,406,441,442,471,472,522
  Donets[地]顿涅茨河,392,402
  Dongkur Manjusri khutukhtu[人]惇果尔文殊师刊呼图克图,514
  Donskoi, Dimitrii[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,见Dimitrii Donskoi
  Doquz-khatun[人]脱古思可敦,356,357,358,361,367
  Dorben[族]朵儿边部,见Dorbot
  Dorben Oirat[族]杜尔本·卫拉特,见Oirat
  Dorben Qoriya (Wang)[族]“四圈”旗,郡王部,511
  Dorbot (Dorben; Dorbod; Turbet)[族]杜尔伯特,194,206,207,208,213,503,520,523,525,527,537,538;参见Oirat
  Drangiana[地]德兰吉亚那,31
  Dristra (Durostorum; Silistra)[地]锡利斯特拉,xxiv,184
  Drosakhe[地](希腊地理学家们的)酒泉,41
  Dughlats (Duqlats)[族]杜格拉特人,344,412,422,425,453,459,463,491-495,497,498,499
  Dukhtar-i-Noshirvan[地]杜克塔-依-奴细尔汪,51
  Dülün-Boldaq[地]跌里温盘陀山,199
  Dunapentele[地]杜纳彭特勒,176
  Duqaq Timuryaligh[人]杜卡克·帖木耳雅里赫,148
  Duqlats[族]杜格拉特人,见Dughlats
  Dürbaljin(square script)[文]都尔巴金字(方块字),298
  Durbelji[族]杜尔伯斤,25,549注
  Dungan[族]东干人,538
  Dürlükin[族]都儿鲁斤部,194
  Durostorum[地]锡利斯特拉,见Dristra
  Dust Muhammad[人]笃思忒·马黑麻,461,463,493
  Duwa[人]都哇,294,295,303,334,335-336,338,339,384,403
  Duwa-Timur[人]笃来帖木儿,341
  Dzasagtu-khan (khanate)[人]扎萨克图汗,512
  Dzasagtu-khan (person)[人]扎萨格图汗,见Shara; Subati
  Dzhambul[地]江布尔(塔拉斯城),见Talas (town)
  Dzimsa[地]济木萨(别失八里)见Beshbaligh
  Dzungar (Jungar)[族]准噶尔人(也名卡尔梅克人),501,512,520,525-539各处,541,630注,参见Kalmucks; Oirat
  Dzungaria[地]准噶尔地区,82,89,102,114,479,521,524,536,537,538,542
  Eastern Roman Empire[朝]东罗马帝国,拜占庭帝国,见Byzantine Empire
  "East Iranian" language[文]东伊朗语,xxiii, 29,40,49,96
  Ebejesu[人]伊伯杰苏,191
  Ebi Nor[地]艾比湖,102,331,344,491
  Ebuskun[人]也速伦,329
  Ecbatana[地]埃克巴坦那(哈马丹),见Hamadan
  Edeco[人]埃德科,78
  Edessa[地]埃德沙,361
  Edward I (of England)[人](英格兰的)爱德华一世,370,371,375,376
  Edward II (of England)[人](英格兰的)爱德华二世,384
  Egrigain[地]宁夏,见Ningsia
  Egypt[朝]埃及王朝(参看马木路克朝),355,359,364,365,参见Mamelukes (dynasty)
  Ekaterinburg[地]埃卡特林贝尔格,11,547注
  Ekaterinoslav[地]埃卡特林罗斯拉夫,16
  Ekaterinovka[地]埃卡特罗夫卡,548注
  El[人]名,颉利,见Hie-li
  Elbek[人]额勒伯克,503
  Elephant,use in battle[专]战象,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注
  Eleuthes[族]厄鲁特部,521
  Elias, Ney[人]埃尼亚斯,423,497,500
  Elizavetovskaya[地]伊里扎威托夫斯卡亚,13,15,16
  Eljigidai[人]野里知吉带,271,274
  Eljigidai[人]燕只吉带,341,348,349-350,586注
  Ellac[人]埃拉卡,78
  Elqutur[人]燕儿火脱,582注
  Eltabir (as title)[专]颉利发,565注
  Elterish[人]颉跌利施(骨咄禄),见Qutlugh
  Elya[人]也里牙,304
  Emba[地]恩巴河,148,181,394,521
  Emnedzar[人]恩勒德扎尔,78
  Engels[地]恩格尔斯(波克罗夫斯克),见Pokrovsk
  Enos[地]埃诺斯,184
  Ephesus[地]以弗所,452
  Ephtha (Ye-ta)[族]莚哒,67
  Ephthalites (Hayathelites; Ye-tai; White Huns; Huna)[族]莚哒人(白匈奴人,厌带夷栗陀),65,67-72,80,82,172,173,193,217,417;参见Avars “Equius,”277
  Eran[地]伊兰,71
  Erbil[地]埃尔比勒,见Arbela
  Ercis (Arjish)[地]阿尔吉斯,262
  Erdeni[人]额尔德尼,见Irdana
  Erdeni Dzu[地]额尔德尼昭寺庙,528
  Eregli[地]埃雷利(参看赫拉克利庞蒂亚),见Heraclea Pontica
  Erginul, Ergiuul[地]凉州(马可记法),见Liangchow
  Eric (of Friuli)[人](弗留利大公)伊里克,175
  Erinchin[人]额璘臣济农,517
  Erkegüd[族]额尔克固特部,630注
  Erke-khongor[人]额哲洪果尔,517
  Erkene-qun[地]额儿古涅昆,193
  Erke-qara[人]额尔客合剌,204,206,581注
  Erküt[专]也里可温(近代写法),见Erqüt
  Ermak[人]叶尔马克,489,490
  Ermanarich[人]亥耳曼纳奇,73
  Ermenak[地]埃尔梅内克山区,385
  Ernac[人]埃尔纳克,78
  Erqüt (Erküt)[专]也里可温的近代形式,602注
  Erzerum[地]额尔哲鲁木城,263,430,449,450
  Erzincan[地]埃尔津詹,261,263,281,382,430,449,450,462
  Esen (Esen-taiji; Ye-hsien Taichi)[人]额森台吉,也先台吉,491,492,506,507,508,520
  Esen-buqa (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花,315,338-339,340,386
  Esen-buqa II (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花二世,460-461,480,492-493
  Esen Temür (Yesen Temür; Essan-temur)[人]也先帖木儿,308
  Eskisehir[地]埃斯基谢希尔,385
  Essantemur[人]也先帖木儿,见Esen Temür
  Essekü[人]额色库,504
  Esztergom[地]埃斯泰尔戈姆城堡,见Gran
  Eternal Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见Tangri
  Etsin Gol[地]额济纳河,36,212
  Etzina[地](马可记哈拉霍屯城)额济纳,见Karakhoto
  Eukratides[人]幼克拉蒂斯,29
  Euphrates[地]幼发拉底河,295,361,365,371,385,446
  Euphrosyne[人]欧菲柔细纳,400
  Eurasia, Sea of[地]欧亚海,xxi
  Eutychios[人]攸提开俄斯,84
  Fadl Allah Rashid ad-Din Tabib[人]拉施特(法德尔·阿拉赫·拉施特),见Rashid ad-Din
  Fakhr ad-Din Kert[人]法黑剌丁,380,385-386
  Fancheng[地]凡城,287
  Fang Kuo-chen[人]方国珍,323,324
  Faraj[人]法赖吉,447
  Fars[地]法尔斯,151,158,169,260,261,353,354,359,366,382,390,426,431,433,456,457,459,461
  Fatimids[朝]法提玛王朝,154
  Fedor (of Ryazan)[人](里亚赞的)费多尔,616注
  Fedulovo[地]费杜罗沃,16
  Fei-yang-ku[人]费扬古,530
  Fenek[地]费内克,176
  Fengsiang[地]凤翔,257
  Fengyang[地]凤阳(钟离)见Chungli
  Fengyüanfu[地]奉元府(长安),见Changan
  Feodosiya[地]喀发,见Caffa
  Fergana (Ta-yüan)[地]费尔干纳(大宛),xxii,8,28,29,36,40,43,48,116,117,142,144,234,344,423,426,438,463,464,482,486,488,492,494,496,497,498,554注
  Fettich, Nandor[人]弗蒂奇·南朵尔(著有《战国》)67,176,“Fighting States,”见“Warring States”
  Finance[专]财政,见Crimea, Genoese and Venetian bankers; Currency; Taxation
  Finno-Ugrian Languages[文]芬兰-乌戈尔语,xxv
  Finno-Ugrians[族]芬兰-乌戈尔种人,10-11,14,15,73,177,178
  Firdausi[人]费尔多希,243
  Five Hordes[族]五部落,56
  Flor des estoires d"Orient[书]《海顿行纪》(参看海顿),见Hayton
  Fokuru[地]富库鲁,8
  Four Confederates[族]四同盟者,参看卫拉特,见Oirat
  Four Garrisons[地]四镇(焉耆、喀什、于阗和库车),见Kara Shahr; Kashgar; Khotan; Kucha
  “Four Tughri”[地]四塔沟里,551注,568注
  Francesco da Podio[人]弗朗希斯科,319
  Francis (of Alexandria)[人]弗朗希斯,342
  Franks[族]法兰克人,56,60,62,173,174,175,178,359-360,364,371,449;参见Syria
  Friuli[地]弗留利,174
  Fu An (Chih Tao)[人]傅安(之道),353,459
  Fu Chien[人]苻坚,59,300
  Fuchow (Fugiu)[地]鄜州,232,287,305,308,311,518,603注
  Fukien[地]福建,287,304,307,308,323,324,518
  Fu-li(as title)[专]附离(称号),87
  Fundukistan[地]法杜克斯坦,51
  Funerary customs[专]葬礼,8,21,23,87,129,546注,591注
  Fungchow[地]丰州,见Yülin
  Fung Fung-shih[人]冯奉世,37
  Fur trading[专]皮毛贸易,403
  Fu-sho Sin[人]伏阇信,101
  Fu-te[人]富德,542
  Fu-ting[人]福定,603注
  Gaikhatu[人]海合都,309,373,377,612注
  Galatia[地]加拉底亚,157
  Galdan[人]噶尔丹,525-531,540,541
  Galdan Tsereng[人]葛尔丹策零,532,536-537,540,541
  Galicia (Galich)[地]加利西亚(或加利奇),6,8,246,265,266,395
  Galicia, Spanish[地](西班牙的)加利西亚,74
  Galilee[地]加利利,364
  Gandhara[地]犍陀罗,49,65,69,70,71
  Gandharan art[文]犍陀罗艺术,48-49,64,70
  Ganges[地]恒河,69,71,146,168,419
  Ganja[地]刚加,151,263
  Ganja-Karabakh[地]甘扎-卡拉巴克赫,5,545注
  Gardizi[人]迦尔迪齐,177,185,549注
  Garni[地]哈儿尼,见Karni
  Gaul[地]高卢,63,74,76
  Gaza[地]加沙,362,364
  Gazaria[地]可萨尼亚,见Khazaria
  Genoa[地]热那亚,374,375
  Genoese:在希俄斯[族]热那亚人,452;在克里米亚,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;在特拉布松,374
  George (1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),见Korgüz
  George (死于1298年)[人]阔里吉思,见Korgüz
  George (son of "Isa)[人]阔里吉思,304
  Georgia (and Georgians)[地]格鲁吉亚,谷儿只,5,186,245,246,260,263,272,347,350,358,360,364,371,430,433,434,450
  Georgios Tzoulos[人]乔治·佐勒斯,181
  Gepidae[族]吉别达伊人,73,75,78,173
  Ger (tents)[专]廓尔(帐篷),196
  Gerard[人]格拉德,314
  Geray[朝]格来王朝,见Girei
  Gerbillon, Père[人]热比荣,631注
  Geresandza (Geresandza Ochigin)[人]格森札斡惕赤斤,510,511
  Germania[地]日耳曼尼亚,173,179
  Germanic tribes[族]日耳曼部落,55,56,57,60,72-77,82,173,174,175;民族大迁徙,16,54
  Gestes des Chiprois[专](提尔的)圣殿骑士,见Templar of Tyre
  Getae[族]盖特人,548注
  Ghajawan[地]加贾湾,484
  Ghazan[人]合赞,309,373,376-383,396,613注
  Ghazaniyeh[地]加赞尼耶,384
  Ghaznavids,[朝]伽色尼王朝,xxvii, 143-147,149-150,159,167-168
  Ghazni[地]加兹尼城,143,144,159,167-168,170,241,242,382,387,431
  Ghiugiu[地]衢州,见Küchow
  Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1174年)[人]吉雅斯·阿德丁,168
  Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1224年)[人]嘉泰丁,260
  Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1270年)[人]八剌,见Baraq
  Ghiyath ad-Din Kert (活跃1307年)[人]嘉泰丁,386,387,389
  Ghiyath ad-Din II Pir "Ali[人]嘉泰丁二世皮儿·阿里,427
  Ghor[地]古尔山区,167,168,352,382,427
  Ghorids[朝]古尔王朝,167-168,236,339,352-353,574注
  Ghurek (Ikhshedh Ghurek)[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,116,117,118
  Ghuta[地]姑塔,447
  Ghuzz[族]古兹(参看乌古思),见Oghuz
  Gilgit (Little Pulu)[族]吉尔吉特(小勃律),118,119
  Gilotto[人]基罗托,342
  Giorgi III Lasha[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,245,260
  Giorgi VI[人]乔治六世,434
  Giovanni da Marignolli[人]约翰·马黎诺里,319,342,404
  Giovanni da Montecorvino[人]约翰·孟德科维诺,302,313,314,317,318,319,605注
  Girei (Geray)[朝]格来王朝,471,472,473,475,477
  Girei, Hajji[人]哈吉·格来,见Hajji Girei
  Girines[地]吉里勒斯,267
  Gisolf, Buscarel de[人]布斯卡尔,见Buscarel de Gisolf
  Gliadenovo[地]格里亚德罗夫,548注
  Gobi Desert[地]戈壁滩,xxii,xxv,34,61,62,132,133,138,191,196,203,212,234,286,318,424,425,504,505,536;绿洲,参见Tarim
  Godan[人]阔端,259,593注,595注
  Godard, Madame[人]哥达德夫人,51
  Goduk Ahmed-pasha[人]哥杜克阿赫麦德(帕夏),471
  Goos, Benedict de[人]鄂本笃,见Benedict de Goes
  Gokcha (Sevan),Lake[地]哥克察克湖(塞凡湖),348,430
  Gold (people)[族]金人,515
  Golden Horde (Altan-ordo; Altunordu)[朝]金帐,参看钦察汗国,395-407,419,420,436,440,441,452,469-471,479;参见Batu; Kipchak khanate
  Gorgüz[人]阔里吉思,见Korgüz
  Gorki[地]下诺夫哥罗德(高尔基),见Nizhni Novgorod
  Gorodcheskaya[地]哥罗切斯卡亚,558注
  Gorodets[地]戈罗杰茨,470
  Goshi[人]完颜希尹,见Wan-yen Wu-shih
  “Gothia”[地]哥特人之地,406
  Goths[族]哥特人(吉别达伊人,东哥特人,西哥特人),16,56,73;参见Gepidae; Ostrogoths; Visigoths
  Gran (Strigonium; Esztergom)[地]格兰城堡,267
  Grand Canal[地]大运河,309,310
  Great Armenia[地]大亚美尼亚,263,430,433
  Great Bulgaria[朝]大保加利亚国,176
  Great Horde (Ulu-jüz)[朝]大帐(参看吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人),480,488,499,526,532,625注,参见Kirghiz-Kazakhs
  Great Moravia[朝]大摩尔维亚,175,178
  Great Pulu[朝]大勃律,见Baitistan
  Great Wall (of China)[地]长城,xxiv,20,26,34,61,80,85,227,324,507,514,540
  Great Yüeh-chih (Ta Yüeh-chih)[族]大月氏,29
  Greco-Buddhist art[文]希腊-佛教艺术,48-49,50,52,96,99;参见Gandharan art
  Greco-Roman art[文]希腊-罗马艺术,16,18,39,48
  Greco-Scythian art[文]希腊-斯基泰艺术,8,13,15,18
  Gregory X, Pope[人](教皇)格列高利十世,307,308-309,370,371
  Gregory (of Tours)[人](图尔的)格里戈利,174,575注
  Grenard, Fernand[人]格纳德,190,194,223,245,482
  Griaznov, M. P.[人]格里亚兹诺夫(使团),18
  Grillo, Antonio[人]安东尼奥·格利洛,404
  Guichard (of Cremona)[人](克里莫纳的)吉查德,348
  Guilds[专]商会,309-310
  Guillaume da Prato[人]纪尧姆·波拉特,319
  Guillaume de Hévésy[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,见Hévésy, Guillaume de
  Guillaume de Munte[人]纪尧姆·蒙特,451
  Guinzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow
  Guiwarguis, Mar[人]马·基瓦古斯,见Mar Guiwarguis
  Gujarat[地]吉莱特,32,444,445
  Gün Biliktü Mergen[人]衮必里克墨尔根,510,511
  Gupta[朝]芨多王朝,69,70
  Gurbesu[人]古儿别速,212,214
  Gurgan[地]古尔甘,390,464
  Gurganj[地]玉龙杰赤(乌尔根奇),见Urgench
  Gurjara[族]瞿析罗人,72
  Gur-khan (as title)[专]古儿罕,165,206,233
  Gur-khan (person)[人]菊儿罕,192,199,206,578注
  Gushi khan[人]顾实汗,523,524,526
  Gushu(banner; administrative division)[专]旗,517,530
  Guy (Guillaume)de Longjumeau[人]盖依,273,349
  Güyük[人]贵由,217,264,265,267-273,329,347,348,349,350,352,581注,595注,596注
  Gwalior[地]瓜廖尔,71,146
  Haband[地]哈本德,608注
  Hackin, J.[人]哈辛,41,50,51-52,96
  Hadda[地]哈达,52,99
  Hafiz (活跃于1329年)[人]哈菲兹,390
  Haidarmirza[人]海达尔·米儿咱,穆罕默德·海达尔二世,见Muhammad Haidar II
  Hailar[人]海剌儿,255
  Hailung[地]海龙,519
  Hajji Barlas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,343,345,409,410
  Hajji Girei[人]哈吉·格来,471
  Hajji Muhammad[人]哈吉·穆罕默德,487
  Hajji-tarkhan[地]哈只·塔儿塞(阿斯特拉罕),见Astrakhan
  Hakozaki (Hakata)Bay[地]博多(筥崎)湾,289
  Halachar[地]兴庆府,132
  Ha-li[人]阿力,见"Ali (活跃于1473年)
  Hallong-osso[地]贺垅·欧沙,25
  Hallstatt culture[文]哈尔希塔特文化,6,10,11
  Hama[地]哈马城,362,442
  Hamadan (Ecbatana)[地]哈马丹,40,155,158,167,240,245,246,355,359,426,433,456
  Hami (Camul)[地]哈蜜(伊吾),xxii,42,55,64,83,85,89,95,166,305,312,400,453,494,495-496,497,499,507,528,531,536,537;参见Yiwu
  Han (river)[地]汉水,138,227,258,282,287
  Han, early[朝]前汉(西汉),xxx,13,25,26,27,34-38
  Han, late (A. D. 25)[朝]东汉,xxiii,39,41-48,54
  Han, late (947)[朝]后汉,见Hou-Han
  Han, Pei-[朝]北汉,见Pei-Han
  Hancar, Franz[人]弗朗兹·汉卡,11
  Hanchung (Nancheng)[地]汉中(南郑),58,258
  Hanefites[宗]哈纳菲派(伊斯兰教派别),400
  Hangchow (Campsay; Cansay; Guinzai; Khansa; Khanzai; Khingsai; Khinsa; Quinsai)[地]杭州,137,138,189,282,287,305,308,310,316,518,604注
  Hankow[地]汉口,259,284,302
  Hanoi[地]河内,284,290
  Hanyang[地]汉阳,286,323
  Han Yen-huei[人]汉延惠,129
  Haran[地]哈兰,361
  Harbin[地]哈尔滨,128,136,137,138,519
  Hari Pushpa[人]诃黎布失毕,见Ho-li Pu-shih-pi
  Harqasun[人]阿尔哈森,见Arghasun
  Harun ar-Rashid[人]哈仑拉施特,181,241
  Hasan "Ali[人]哈散阿里,462
  Hasan Brosh[人]哈森·布鲁希,356,360
  hasan Buzurg (Hasan the Jelair)[人]大哈森·布朱儿(札剌儿部哈森),389,390
  Hasan Küchük[人]小哈森·库楚克,389
  Hasan-tigin[人]哈森特勤,159
  Harsha[人](印度皇帝)戒日王,72
  Ha-shen[人]罕慎,495-496
  Hattin-sum[地]哈屯森,25
  Hayathelites[族]莚哒人,见Ephthalites
  Hayton (Hethum), Flor des estoires d"Orient[人]海顿,282,361,363,371,373,378
  Hazrat Apak (Afak)[人]哈司剌·阿巴克(白山派首领),501,527,528
  Hazrat Makhdumi Nura[人]哈司剌·马黑杜米·奴烈,500
  Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见Tangri
  Hecatompylos (Shahrud)[地]赫卡托姆皮洛斯(和椟城),40
  Hei-ssu[人]黑厮,304
  Heliocles[人]赫利克勒斯,30
  Hellenistic art[文]希腊艺术xxvi,12,18,25,39,48
  Helmand[地]赫尔曼德河,428
  Henry III (of Castile)[人]亨利三世,453
  Henry I (of Cyprus)[人]亨利一世,271
  Henry (of Silesia)[人]亨利,266
  Heraclea Pontica (Eregli)[地]赫拉克利庞蒂亚(埃雷利),174
  Heraclius[人]希拉克略,174,179
  Herat[地]赫拉特,哈烈,也里,68,85,116,167,168,241,242,334,340,343,352,354,369,370,380,385,386,390,426,427,428,445,457,459,461,465,481-482,484,485,498
  Herodian[人]赫洛店,84
  Herodotus[人]希罗多德,8,9,10,21,23,392,545注-549注,552
  Herrmann, Albert[人]赫尔曼·阿尔伯特,20,35,41,42,172,214
  Herzfeld, E.[人]赫兹菲德,50
  Hethum I[人]海屯一世,263,264,269,271,281-282,360,361,362,363
  Hethum II[人]海屯二世,379,382
  Hethum (monk)[人]海顿和尚,见Hayton
  Heu Kiun-tsi[人]侯君集,98
  Heves[地]赫淮什,8
  Hévésy, Guillaume de[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,xxv,576注
  Hezarasp[地]赫扎拉斯普,159,488,521
  Hie-li (El)[人]颉利,90,92
  Hien[人]贤,43
  Hierapolis[地]海俄拉城,见Menbij
  Hieu-ch"u[族]休屠部,35
  Himalayas[地]喜马拉雅,xxi
  Hinchow[地]忻州,107
  Hinduism[宗]印度教,315,417,443,445,446
  Hindu Kush[地]兴都库什山,68,69,71,85,93,241,244,343,346
  Hirado-shima[地]平卢岛,289
  Hissar[地]喜萨尔,464,484
  History of the Conqueror of the World[书]《世界征服者史》,见Juvaini
  Hiu K"ang-tsung[人]许亢宗,134
  Hizen[地]肥前省,289
  Hochow (Hochwan)[地]合州(合川),284
  Hochung (Puchow)[地]河中(浦州),137,233,257
  Hochwan[地]合川(合州),见Hochow
  Hojo Tokimune[人]北条时宗,289
  Hokien (Cacianfu)[地]河间,130,132,137,229,230,308,604注
  Ho K"iu-ping[人]霍去病,35
  Ho Ko-tu-lu[人]合骨咄禄,见Alp Qutlugh
  Ho-lien[族]赫连部,61
  Holin[地]和林,见Karakorum
  Ho-li Pu-shih-pi (Hari Pushpa)[人]诃黎布失毕,99-100,101
  Ho-lo-ma[人]合剌,138,139
  Ho-lu[人]贺鲁,102-103
  Holwan[地]霍尔湾,169,355
  Holy Land[宗]圣地,373-376;参见Crusades and crusaders; Jerusalem
  Homs[地]霍姆斯,362,365,371,378,382,447
  Honan[地]河南,4,57,58,59,61,65,137,138,227,232,255,257,258,259,283,517
  Honoria[人]荷罗丽娅,76
  Honorius IV, Pope[人](教皇)霍诺留斯四世,373,374
  Hopei[地]河北,xxvi,3,19,25,54,57,58,59,60,65,106,108,127,128,129,131,136,137,138,164,229,230,232,284,325,507,519
  Hormuz (Ormuz)[地]霍尔木兹,忽里模子,305,309,312,313,315
  Horse[专]马手,xxvi,12,223,549注,554注,stirrup,8,176,546注;参见Archers, mounted
  Ho-shang (Buddhist monks)[宗]和尚,602注
  Ho-ti[人](东汉)和帝,42
  Hotien[地]于阗,和田,见Khotan
  Hou-Chao[朝]后赵,57-58
  Hou-Chin[朝]后金,127,129-130
  Hou-Ch"in[朝]后秦,59
  Hou-Chou[朝]后周,130,131
  Hou-Han[朝]后汉,130
  Hou Han Shu[书]《后汉书》,30,31,32
  Hou-Liang (4th-5th cent.)[朝]后梁(4-5世纪),60
  Hou-Liang (10th cent.)[朝]后梁(10世纪),126
  Hou-T"ang[朝]后唐,127
  Hou-Yen[朝]后燕,59,60
  Howorth, H. H.[人]豪沃思,439,440
  Hoyin-irgen (forest hunters)[专]槐因·亦儿坚(林中人),195
  Hsailaihsien[地]怀来县(妫州),见Kweichow
  Hsia[朝]夏朝,61
  Hsia, Hsi-[朝]西夏,见Hsi-Hsia
  Hsiang-shan[人]香山,603注
  Hsiao-shih[人]肖氏,131
  Hsia Yüeh-chih[族]小月氏,28-29
  Hsi-Ch"in[朝]西秦,60
  Hsien[朝]速古泰国,见Sukhotai
  Hsien-pi[族]鲜卑人,xxiv,xxviii,xxix,39,46,47,53-54,55,61,89,193,283,;参见Mu-jung; T"u-yü-huen
  Hsien-sheng (Taoist monks)[宗]先生(道教和尚),602注
  Hsien-yün[族]  狁(匈奴),见Hsiung-nu
  Hsi-Hsia[朝]西夏,26,132,133,189,212,226-227,247,330
  Hsi-Hsia script[文]西夏文,133
  Hsiung-nu (Hsien-yün; Hsiun-yü),[族]匈奴人(  狁,荤粥),xxii,xxiv,xxviii,8,13,15,17-21,23-29,32,34-39,41-48,50,53-54,55,56,61,72,75,76,81,176,217,224,256,283,417,546注,553注-554注;参见Hou-Chao; Hu (tribe); Huns; Ts"ien-Chao
  Hsi-Wei[朝]西魏,65,66,81
  Hsi-Yen[朝]西燕,59
  Hsüan-ti[人]汉宣帝,38
  Hsüan-tsang[人]玄奘,70,85,93,94,95-96,98,99,100-101,116,315
  Hsüan-tsung[人]唐玄宗,111,112,114,117,118,120,128,565注
  Hsü Chou-huei[人]徐寿辉,323
  Hsü Ta[人]徐达,325,502
  Hu (queen)[人]胡太后,65
  Hu (tribe)[族]胡人,19-20;参见Hsiung-nu
  Huai-jen[人]怀仁可汗,见Qutlugh Bilga
  Huang Ch"ao[人]黄巢,126
  Hu-ch"u-ch"uan[人]呼厨泉,56
  Hudud Al-Alam[书]《世界境域志》,148,177
  Huen-shih[族]浑邪部,35
  Hu-han-ch"eng[地]忽汗城,515
  Hu-han-ye[族]呼韩邪,37-38
  Hui-tsung[人]宋徽宗,134,136-137
  Hu-kie[族]呼揭,38
  Hulagu (Hulaku)[人]旭烈兀,282,285,296,305,331,349,353-367,372,397-398,419,609注
  Hulagu, house of[族]旭烈兀家族,311,327,333,334,339,386,387,396
  Hulaku[人]旭烈兀,见Hulagu
  Hulun Nor[地]呼伦诺尔,见Dalai Nor
  Humayun[人]胡马云,484
  Humi[地]护密(瓦罕),见Wakhan
  Huna[族]参看莚哒,见Ephthalites; Huns
  Hunan[地]湖南,284,287,323
  Hungarian language[文]匈牙利语言,177
  Hungarians[族]匈牙利人,马扎尔人,见Magyars
  Hungary[地]匈牙利,xxiii,8,72,174,176,266-267,395,449
  Hungchow[地]洪州(南昌),见Nanchang
  Hung-wu (Chu Yüan-chang)[人]洪武帝(朱元璋),323-324,325,453
  Huni (Kunni)[族]昆尼部,171,172;参见Uarkhonites
  Hunni[族]参看匈人,见Huns
  Hunnic art[文]匈奴艺术,12,13-14,17,18,19,24-26,37,50,176
  Hunnugur (Viguri)[族]昆奴格尔,172
  Huns (Huna; Hunni)[族]匈人,xxiii,xxvi,7-8,19,21,23-24,55,72-76,78-79,80,190,224;参见individual tribes
  Huns, White[族]白匈奴(莚哒人)见Ephthalites
  Hunting[专]狩猎部落,195,224,226
  Hupeh[地]湖北,137,259,284,287,323
  Hu-pi-lie[人]忽必烈,见Kublai
  Hurka (Mutan)[地]忽尔卡河,515,516
  Husain (活跃于1280年)[人]哈散,601注
  Husain (活跃于1326年)[人]胡赛因,387
  Husain (Mir Husain;活跃于1360年)[人]迷里忽辛,346,409,411-416
  Husain-i Baiqara[人]速檀·忽辛·拜哈拉,243,417,464-465,481
  Husain Jelair[人]胡赛因·札剌儿,390,429
  Husain Kert[人]穆兹哀丁·胡赛因,见Mu"izz ad-Din Kert
  Husain Sufi (活跃于1360年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,421
  Husain Sufi (活跃于1505年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,481
  Hu San-sheng[人]胡三省,570注
  Hu-sha-hu[人]胡沙虎,197,230
  Huvishka[人]胡韦斯迦,32
  Hu-yen[族]呼衍,42,47,48
  Hwai[地]淮河,58,59,64,65,137,138,139,227,308
  Hwaian (Coigangiu)[地]淮安,308
  Hwaining[地]会宁,138
  Hwangchow[地]黄州,137,259,287
  Hweichung[地]回中皇宫,34
  Hyacinthus[人]雅琴夫,210
  Iaci[地]押赤,见Yunnan (town)
  Ianzu[地]扬州,见Yangchow
  Ibak[人]伊巴克,471,489
  Ibaqa-baki[人]亦必合别吉,212,583注
  Ibn al-Athir[人]伊本·艾西尔,186,245,262,573注,590注
  Ibn "Arabshah[人]伊本·阿拉不沙,431,435,442,448,451,470,623注
  Ibn-Batuta[人]伊本·白图泰,311
  Ibn-Fadhan, Risala[人]伊本·法德罕,181
  Ibn Hajar Asqalani[人]伊本·哈扎尔·阿斯卡拉尼,442
  Ibn-Khaldun[人]伊本·哈尔顿,447-448
  Ibrahim (死于1156年)[人]易不拉欣,574注
  Ibrahim (活跃于1468年)[人]易不拉欣,473
  Ibrahim ibn-Inal[人]易不拉欣·伊本·伊纳尔,150,151
  Ibrahim Ong (Wang)[人]亦不剌忻·王,508
  Iconium[地]伊康,153
  Idakou, Idaku[专]亦都护(称号),见Idiqu
  Idigutschai[人]亦都护集乃,122,563注
  Idiqu (Idakou; Idaku; Yedigei)[人]亦敌忽,440,442,470,622注
  Idiqut (iduq-qut; as title)[专]亦都护,588注
  Iduq-qut[专]亦都护,见Idiqut
  Igor (活跃于944年)[人]伊戈尔,182
  Ikhshedh Ghurek[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,见Ghurek
  Iki-ogüz[族]埃基·乌古思人,277
  Ikira[族]亦乞剌思部,194,207
  Iki-shima[地]壹岐岛,289
  Ilamish[地]伊拉米什草原,169
  Ilanjouc[地]吉兰乞克河,见Jilanchik
  Ilbars[人]伊勒巴斯,487
  Ilbars II[人]伊勒巴斯二世,488
  Ilbilga[人]颉利毗伽可敦,103
  Ildegiz[人]伊尔第吉兹,158
  Ilduchi, Thomas[人]托马斯·伊尔杜奇,384
  Ilek[地]伊列克河,394,478
  Ilek Nasr[人]伊列克·纳斯尔(阿尔斯兰·伊列克·纳斯尔),见Arslan Ilek Nasr
  Ilham[人]伊尔哈姆,473
  Ili (Ailah)[地]伊犁河,xxiii,xxix,29,37,38,45,53,67,82,83,89,109,114,115,117,118,119,120,144,145,147,165,172,233,234,235,236,254,270,272,277,286,292,293,305,312,319,326,327,332,333,338,341,342,344,409-413,417,420,422,423,424,425,460,461,463,482,491,492,493,495,497,499,501,504,506,507,508,522,525,-529,531,532,537,538,542,626注
  Ilibaligh[地]亦里八力,453
  Il-khan (as title)[专]伊儿汗(称号),296
  Ilkhe-Alyk[地]埃里克,25,549注
  Ilqa[人]亦剌合(参看桑昆),见Sangün
  Iltutmish[人]伊勒特迷失,260
  Ilyas[人]伊牙思,452
  Ilyas-khoja[人]也里牙思火者,346,410,411-412,422
  Ilyas Ong[人]也里牙思王,508
  Imeretia[地]埃麦利蒂亚,272,350
  Imil[地]额敏河,叶密立河,xxiii,38,82,114,164,255,269,270,272,273,277,286,291,293,295,312,332,333,349,424,523,525,526,531,532,538
  Inal (as title)[专]亦纳勒(称号),191
  Inalchiq (Qadir-khan)[人]亦纳乞克(哈亦儿汗),238,589注
  Inanch-bilga[人]亦难赤必勒格,190-191,192,204,205,213
  India[地]印度,32,49,69,70,71-72,80,146,168,241,242,260,311,315,339,340,341,417,419,420,434,443-446,484,498,499
  Indian art[文]印度艺术,48,49,50,96;参见Buddhist art
  Indian Ocean[地]印度洋,311
  Indigirka[地]因迪吉尔卡河,xxv
  Indochina[地]印度支那,284,289-290
  Indo-European languages[文]印欧语,xxiii,28,40,96
  Indo-European oases[地]印欧绿洲(塔里木盆地),见Tarim
  Indo-Scythians[族]印度-塞人(贵霜人,月氏人),27,28,49;参见Kushan; Yüeh-chih
  Indravarman IV[人]因陀罗诺曼四世,290
  Indus[地]印度河,71,241,340,444
  Inju (revenue)[专]引主(税收),253
  Inkagir[族]伊卡基尔人,515
  Innocent IV, Pope[人]教皇英诺森四世,217,270,348,349
  Ioguristan[地]畏兀儿斯坦,见Uiguristan
  Ionia[地]伊洛尼亚,452
  Ionians (Yavana)[地](希腊人称)大宛(费尔干纳),554注
  Ipsala[地]伊普萨拉,184
  Iranjin[人]伊剌金,383
  Irano-Buddhist art[文]伊朗-佛教艺术,51-52,96,97-98
  Iraq "Ajami[地]伊剌克·阿只迷,150,151,158,159,160,167,236,240,260,261,351,353,354,372,381,389,420,429,453,457,458,459,461,462
  Iraq "Arabi[地]伊剌克阿拉比,151,158,169,245,315,433,434,456,458,461
  Irdana (Erdeni)[人]额尔德尼,488
  Irene (wife of Constantine V),[人]伊拉尼皇后,179
  Irgen (tribe)[专]亦儿坚(部落),579注
  Irgiz[地]伊尔吉兹河,149,394,478
  Iron age[专]铁器时代,6,11,17-18
  Iron Gates[地]铁门,86,93,342,411
  Irrawaddy[地]伊洛瓦底江,290,291,308
  Irtysh[地]额尔齐斯,也儿的石河,61,109,119,148,185,215,244,254,268,292,478,489,490,504,523,524;参见Black Irtysh
  Isa[人]伊萨,452
  "Isa (Jesus; Ai-sie)[人]伊萨,304
  Isfarain[地]亦思法拉因,428,485
  Isfendiyar[人]伊斯芬迪亚,521
  Isfendiyar-oglu[族]伊斯芬迪亚家族,452
  Isfijab[地]伊斯法吉勃(赛拉姆城),见Sairam
  Ishim-khan[人]伊斯姆汗,521,526
  Ishkalcha[地]伊斯卡察(阿曼科赫堡),见Amankoh
  Ishkapai[人]伊斯卡帕,8
  Isho[人]伊索,见Yi-sho
  Ishthakri[人]伊斯塔克里,182
  Iskander (活跃于1400年)[人]米儿咱·伊斯堪答儿,见Mirza Iskander
  Iskander (活跃于1429年)[人]昔干答儿,456,457,458,459
  Iskander (1560-83)[人]伊斯坎德尔,485,486
  Isker[朝]失必儿国,见Sibir
  Islam[宗]伊斯兰教,114,115,118,120,121,142,145,180,220,235,243,244,281,297,300,312,328,330,344,359,360,361,379,383,396,397,405,416-417,443,445,446,453,522,527,628注;哈纳菲派,400;圣战,152,237,297,416,450,451-452;499;易司马仪派,353,354,367;Shafi"ites, 400;法典,416;十叶派,142-143,150,151,390,483,484;逊尼派,142-143,145,150,152,390,483,484
  Islam Girei II[人]伊斯兰·格来,472
  Isma"il (活跃于1272年)[人]伊斯迈尔,287
  Isma"il (活跃于1510年)[人]伊斯迈尔,483
  Isma"il (活跃于1678年)[人]伊斯迈尔汗(萨菲朝沙赫),500,501,527,528
  Isma"il II (活跃于1540年)[人]伊斯迈尔(波斯沙赫),485
  Isma"il ibn-Ahmed[人]伊斯迈尔·伊本·阿赫默德,142
  Isma"ilis (Assassins)[宗]易司马仪教派,353,354,367
  Ispahan[地]伊斯法罕,xxix,151,153,260,261,390,391,431,432,433,436,456,457,458,459,461,462
  Isra"il[人]伊斯莱尔,149
  Issedones[族]伊赛多涅斯人,10-11,547注
  Issedon Scythica[地]伊塞顿·斯基卡,41
  Issedon Serica[地]伊塞顿·塞里卡,41
  Issyk Kul[地]伊塞克湖,xxiii,xxvi,83,87,93,95,102,114,115,119,120,133,145,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,236,254,272,273,312,326,340-344,422,425,460,491,494,499,532
  Istami (Shih-tie-mi; Sinjibu; Silzibul)[人]室点蜜,82,83,84,86
  Itil (river)[地]伊提尔河(伏尔加河),见Volga
  Itil (town; al-Baida; Sarigh-shin; Saqsin)[地]伊提尔城,180,577注
  Itügan[地]於都斤山,见Atügan
  Ivailo (Lakhanas)[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),402
  Ivan I[人]伊凡一世,404
  Ivan III (the Great)[人]伊凡三世(大帝),395,470,471
  Ivan IV (the Terrible)[人]伊凡四世(伊凡雷帝),475,489
  Ivane[人]伊万涅,261,263
  Izmir[地]士麦那,见Smyrna
  Izmit (Nicomedia)[地]伊兹米特(尼科美底亚),184
  Iznik[地]伊兹尼克(尼西亚),见Nicaea
  Jacobites[宗]雅各派,357,361,368
  Jaffa[地]贾法,360
  Jagambu (Jaqambu)[人]札阿绀孛,204,205,206,212,581注
  Jagan[人]札甘,541
  Jagatai (Chagatai)[人]察合台,229,238,239,254-255,269,326,328,589注,592注,606注
  Jagatai, house of[族]察合台家族,271,273,274,292-296,303,305,306,315,319,326-336,338-346,358,366,382,384,386,397,401,403,409-411,413,417,419,421,424,453,460,461;参见Mogholistan
  Jaghun (army captain)[专]札温(百夫长),222
  Jagün-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
  Jagiello[人]雅杰罗,441
  Jahangir[人]只罕杰儿,421,423,456
  Jahan Shah[人]只罕沙,459,461-462
  Jahan Soz[人]贾汗·索兹,167-168
  Jajirat (Juirat)[族]札只剌惕,194,201,207,213,215
  Jalal ad-Din Manguberti (Mangüberti)[人]札兰丁·曼古伯惕,xxvii,237,241-242,259-261,262,347,418,590注
  Jalan[人]扎兰,530
  Jalish[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
  Jam[地]剑河,见Cham
  Jamahar (rattle)[专]象声词牟牟,377
  Jamal ad-Din Mahmud[人]贾马阿丁·马合木,598注
  Jamal Qarshi[人]贾马尔·喀什,332,334
  Jaman Aq-kol[地]贾曼阿克库尔,439
  James (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦萨的)詹姆斯,608注
  James, Mar[人]马·詹姆斯,见Mar James
  Jami[人]札米,465
  Jami-ut-Tavarikh[书]《史集》,见Rashid ad-Din
  Jammu[人]朱木拿大公,446
  Jamuqa[人]札木合,201,202,203,206-207,209,212-216,584注
  Jan[人]札尼伯,486
  Jan "Ali[人]杰·阿里,475
  Janggin[专]章京,530
  Janibeg (1340-57)[人]札尼别汗,389,400,405
  Janibeg (活跃于约1460年)[人]札你贝,479-480
  Janids[朝]札尼家族,见Astrakhanids
  Janizaries[专]雅内萨里(近卫军),451
  Jaochow[地]饶州,324
  Jaqambu[人]札阿绀孛,见Jagambu
  Japan[朝]日本,289
  Japan, Sea of[地]日本海,516
  Jarliq[专]札里雅黑,见Yarligh
  Jasa[专]扎撒,见Yasaq
  Jasak (prince)[专]宗王,517
  Jasaq[专]扎撒,见Yasaq
  Jasrat[人]贾斯腊特,444
  Jaunpur[朝]札温普儿王国,444
  Java[地]爪哇,291,311,315
  Jaxartes[地]锡尔河,见Sy"r Darya
  Jayagatu (jaya"atu)[专](蒙古语)天国在地上的代表或使者,585注
  Jayan-buqa[人]者燕不花,603注
  Jaylak (Djaylak; Alaka)[人]迪杰拉克,402
  Jazira, Al[地]阿勒贾兹拉,361
  Jazyges[族]贾兹基人,72
  Jean de Carcassonne[人]让·德·卡尔卡松,273,349
  Jean sans Peur[人]琼·桑·普尔,449
  Jebe[人]者别(哲别),207,214,228,229,236,240,245-246,247,260,264,582注
  Jegün-ghar (jagün-ghar; je"un-ghar; jun-ghar; segon-ghar;left or east wing)[专]左翼军,223,509,520,629注
  Jehol (Wu-liang-ha)[地]热河,xxii,25,54,83,108,112,127,136,138,164,285,507,538
  Jeje"er Undur[地]杰杰儿·乌都儿,212,583注
  Jeku[人]术客,见Chaka
  Jelairs[族]札剌儿部人,194,197,201,389-390,391,405,420,426,429,430
  Jelme[人]者勒蔑,207,214
  Jend,[地]真德(今波罗威斯附近),149,238
  Jenghiz Khan (Temujin; Chinggiskhan)[人]成吉思汗(铁木真),xxiv,xxvi-xxvii,xxviii,20,78,169,170,186,193-194,195-196,199-244,247-252,259-260,301,320,328,394,414,417,419-420,516,539,580注,581注,586注,591注;之死,248;说明,199,249-250;法典,格言,221;军旗,210,216,217;死后土地分配,253-256
  Jenkshi (Djenkshi)[人]靖克失汗,341
  Jerome (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦萨的)捷罗姆,314
  Jerqabchiqai[地]杰哈齐海峡谷,583注
  Jerusalem[地]耶路撒冷城,302,303,360,361,368,369,374
  Jesusabran, Mar,[人]马·耶酥沙布兰,见Mar Jesusabran
  Je"un-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
  Jihun[地]古浑河,370
  Jilanchik (Ilanjouc)[地]吉兰乞克河,439
  Jinong (as title)[专]济农(称号),509
  Jnanagupta[人]阇那崛多,562注
  Jochi[人]术赤,198,201,209,229,238,239,247,253-254,351,392,394,589注
  Jochi, house of[族]术赤家族,272,273,339,393,394,398;参见Kipchak khanate
  John (of Brienne)[人]约翰王,245-246
  John II (Comnenus)[人]约翰二世,185
  John VI (Patriarch of Baghdad)[人]约翰六世,191
  John VII (Palaeologus)[人]约翰七世,452
  John XXII, Pope[人](教皇)约翰二十二世,404
  Joinville, Jean de[人]约因维尔,252
  Jordan (river)[地]约旦河,364
  Jordanes[人]约丹尼斯,xxix,73,74,76,78
  Joseph (活跃于948年)[人]约瑟,181
  Juan-juan (Ju-juan; Kermikhions)[族]柔然,xxiv,xxix,60-64,66,67,80,81-82,171,172,173,176,193,216,217,231,417,575注;参见Avars
  Juban[人]出班,见Chopan
  Ju-chen[族]女真人,见Jurchid
  Judaism[宗]犹太教,180-181,379
  Juirat[族]札只剌惕部,见Jajirat
  Ju-juan[族]参看柔然,见Juan-juan
  Julien (of Sidon)[人](西顿的)儒连,364
  Jumna[地]朱木那河,445
  Jung, Pei-[族]北戎,见Pei-Jung
  Jungar[族]准噶尔,见Dzungar
  Jungdu[地]中都,见Peking
  Jun-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar
  Jungshiyabo[族]永谢布,见Kharachin
  Juning[地]汝宁(蔡州),见Ts"aichow
  Jurchedai (Jurchedai-noyan)[人]主儿扯歹,210,583注
  Jurchid (Ju-chen; Jurche; Jurchen)[族]女真人,xxvi,xxviii,66,128,130,133,134,136-140,164,189,190,196,231,233,288,515-516;参见Kin
  Jurchid script[文]女真文,516
  Jurjan[人]朱尔赞,428
  Jurkin (Jurki)[族]主儿乞部(主儿金部),202,204,581注
  Justin II[人]查士丁尼二世,83-84
  Justinian[人]查士丁尼,79,172,173
  Justinian II[人]查士丁尼二世,177,179
  Juvaini ("Ala ad-Din Juvaini),Ta"rikh-i Jahan-gusha (History of the Conqueror of the World)[人]志费尼《世界征服者史》,168,190,236,239,266,267,326,329,367,396,397,574注,589注,609注
  Jüz[专]玉兹(帐)625注
  Juzjani, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri[人]朱兹贾尼(《宗教保卫者一览表》),199,396,588注,589注
  Kabadian (Mikoyanabad)[地]米高扬纳巴德,342
  Kabaka[地]卡巴卡,626注
  Kaba-matan (Mitan)[地]卡巴·马坦,411
  Kabars[族]卡巴尔人,178
  Kabil-shah[人]哈比勒·沙,见Kabul-shah
  Kabtaül (kabtawüt, kabta"üt; army guards)[专]值夜班者,222
  Kabul[地]喀布尔,32,50,68,69,70,71,80,119,143,241,340,346,409,411,412,414,426,456,457,483,484
  Kabul-shah (Kabil-shah)[人]哈比勒·沙,411,416
  Kadphises I[人]卡德菲斯一世,见Kujula (Kujolo)Kadphises
  Kadphises II[人]卡德菲斯二世,见Vima Kadphises,32
  Kaesong[地]开城,259
  Kaichow[地]开州(澶州),见Shenchow
  Kaifeng (P"ien; Taliang)[地]开封(汴),xxix,57,127,130,132,133,137,138,227,230,232,257,258,259,296,310,323,324
  Kai-Kawus II[人]凯卡兀思,272,350,354,359,399-400
  Kai-Khosrau[人]凯库思老,263
  Kai-Khosrau III[人]凯库思老三世,370
  Kai Kia-yun[人]盖嘉远,115
  Kailu[地]开鲁(应昌),见Yingchang
  Kai-Qobad II[人]凯库巴德二世,382
  K"ai Yüan[人]海云,276
  Kakheth[地]卡希什,434
  Kakhetia[地]卡希底亚,356
  Kakrak[地]卡克拉克,50-51
  Kalgan[地]张家口,25,230,510,529,530
  Kali[地]卡里,18
  Kalka (Kalmius)[地]迦勒迦(卡尔米乌斯)河,246,247,407,436
  Kalmucks[族]卡尔梅克人(卫拉特人),487,488,501,506,515,520-525,531;参见Dzungar; Oirat
  Kaluga[地]卡卢加,73
  Kama[地]卡马河,176,177,247,264,392,393,472
  Kamala[人]甘麻剌,294,600注
  Kamchatka[地]堪察加半岛,515
  Kamennaya baba[地]卡曼纳雅·巴巴河(额尔齐斯河上游),556注
  Kamil Muhammad, al-[人]卡米勒·穆罕默德,360-361
  Kanchow (Campiciu; Kansan; Kutsang; in Kansu)[地]甘州(在甘肃境内),35,61,112,125,133,286,302,306,318,499
  Kanchow (Kiangsi)[地]赣州(江西),见Kienchow
  Kanda[地]坎塔(撒马尔罕),见Samarkand
  Kandahar[地]坎大哈,31,32,69,143,340,429,456,457
  Kandikh[人]坎迪赫,172
  K"ang-hsi[人]康熙,xxx,518,519,529-533,536
  Kanghwa[地]江华岛,259,289
  K"ang-kiu[地]康居(索格底亚那),见Sogdiana
  Kanishka[人]迦腻色迦,32
  Kanjur[书]《甘珠尔经》,514
  Kankhli[族]康里突厥人,165
  Kansan[地]甘肃,见Kanchow (Kansu)
  Kansu[地]甘肃,xxiii,3,4,27,28,32,35,37,44,47,48,53,54,59,60,66,112,118,125,128,133,189,226,247,251,283,286,294,302,303,312,321,369,496,499,505,510,527,538
  Kan Ying[人]甘英,47
  Kaochang[朝]高昌(吐鲁番),见Turfan
  Kao Hing[人]高兴,291
  Kao-kiu[族]高车,61,81;参见Tolach
  Kaoliang[地]高粱河,131
  Kao Sien-chih[人]高仙芝,115,119,120
  Kao-ti[人]汉高帝(汉高祖),27
  Kao-tsung (650-683)[人]唐高宗,102,103,106,107
  Kao-tsung (12th cent.)[人]宋高宗,137,138
  Kapal[地]卡帕尔城,272,277
  Kapisa (Ki-pin)[朝]迦毕试国(罽宾),69,119
  Karabakh[地]卡拉巴,见Arran
  Karabalgasun[地]哈喇巴喇哈森,xxiv,114,121,122,124,128,256,568注
  Karahisar[地]卡拉希沙尔,452
  Karakhanids[朝]哈拉汗朝,133,144-149,152-153,159,164-166,168,169,235,237
  Kara-Khitai[族]喀喇契丹,(黑契丹),xxix,159-160,164-169,186,189,204,215,233-236,326
  Kara-khoja[地]哈拉火州(哈剌火州),见Turfan
  Karakhoto (Yi-tsi-nai; Etzina)[地]哈拉霍托(古名亦集乃城),133
  Kara-Kirghiz (Burut)[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯人,501,522,536
  Karakol[地]克拉科尔,18,110,491
  Karakorum (Holin)[地]哈拉和林(和林),xxiv,20,34,83,114,191,214,256,259,269,272,276,280,281,282,285,286,288,292,294,312,321,326,336,338,350,502,507,510,511,528,537,540,592注
  Kara-Kum[地]卡拉库姆沙漠,xxii,107
  Karaman (dynasty)[朝]卡拉曼朝,160,382,385,389,391,449,452
  Karaman (place)[地]卡拉曼(拉兰达),见Laranda
  Kara Muren[地]卡拉木仑河(黄河),见Yellow River
  Kara Sengir Tughai[地]卡拉森吉尔角,481
  Kara Shahr (Agni; Chalish; Cialis; Jalish; Yenki)[地]喀拉沙尔(焉耆·察力失),xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43,45,46,48,52,59,61,62,95,98-99,103,107,114-115,125,144,233,420,424,491,493,497,498,563注
  Karashahri language[文]焉耆语,28,40,96
  Kara-Su[地]卡拉苏河,376
  Karasuk[文]卡拉苏克文化,5
  Kara-Tal (Qaratal)[地]哈拉塔尔,425,436,491,621注,625注
  Kara-Tau[地]卡拉套山,393
  Kara-Turgai (Ataqaroghai; Anacargou)[地]卡拉图尔盖河(阿塔合儿灰,阿纳哈儿浑),439
  Kara-yus (Pisannaya gora)[地]卡拉攸斯(皮沙那亚戈拉谷地),556注
  Karbala[地]卡尔巴拉,433
  Karchin[族]喀喇沁部,见Kharachin
  Karlgren[人]卡尔格林,24-25
  Karni (Garni)[地]哈儿尼260
  Kars[地]卡尔斯,263,281,430
  Karshi (Qarshi)[地]卡尔施城,341,342,345,412,438,457
  Kartlia[人]卡特利亚,272,350
  Karun[地]哈尼,240
  Kashan[地]卡尚城,305
  Kashgar (Shufu; Cascar)[地]喀什城(疏附),xxii,xxiii,xxv,28,29,40,41,43,44,45,50,52,95,96,100-101,103,107,114-115,133,145,147,164,165,235,303,306,312,327,344,422,425,426,460,461,463,485,491-495,498,500,501,527,528,532,540,541,542
  Kashgari (person)[人]喀什噶里,185
  Kashgaria (Alti-shahr)[地]喀什噶尔,xxv,8,43,46,48,133,142,144-145,147,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,235,236,255,277,292,293,303,326,338,344,368,422,425,448,485,491,494,497,499,500,501,527,528,537,538,541,542
  Kashik (guard)[专]怯薜(护卫军),213,222
  Kashmir[地]克什米尔,71,118,119,446,498,499
  Kasimov[地]卡西莫夫城,472
  Kasinskoye[地]卡西斯科耶,16
  Kastamonu[地]卡斯塔莫努,449,452
  Katanda[地]卡坦塔,18,19
  Kath[地]柯提,421,487,521
  Kavadh[人]喀瓦德,68
  Kaveripatnam[地]加韦里伯德讷姆,311
  Kayal[地]卡亚尔,见Cail
  Kayseri[地]开塞利,263,281,370,389,391,449,451
  Kazakhs[族]哈萨克人(吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人)见Kirghiz-Kazakhs
  Kazakhstan[地]哈萨克斯坦,5,393
  Kazan (person)[人]哈赞,342
  Kazan (place)[地]喀山,13,73,176,405,441,470,471,472,473,475
  Kazerun[地]卡泽伦,366
  Kazvin[地]可疾云(加兹温),142,240,245,312,372,458
  Kazyr[地]克孜尔河,558注
  Kebek[人]怯别,295,338,339-340,341,386
  Kebek II[人]怯别二世,463,493
  Kebeki (coins)[专]怯别币,341
  Kediri (Daha)[地]谏义里,291
  Kedrala[地]卡德拉拉,549注
  Ke"er-un irgen (steppe herdsmen)[专]草原游牧民,195
  Kelat[地]克拉特,428
  Kelermes[地]克勒尔姆斯,4,11-12,15
  Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa[人]穆斯塔法·克马尔·阿塔特克,164
  Keng K"uei[人]耿夔,46,47
  Keng Kung[人]耿恭,44
  Keng Ping[人]耿秉,42,46
  Kentei (Burqan Qaldun)[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),189,199,200,219,248
  Kerayit[族]克烈部,xxiv,xxv,191-192,199,200,203-213,216,217,220,227,300,417,578注
  Kerch[地]刻赤(潘蒂卡派),15,52,85,173,405,549注,554注;参见Panticapaeum
  Kergüd[族]乞儿古斯部,503
  Keriya (Pem)[地]克里亚,306
  Kerman (Cherman; Kirman)[地]起儿漫,151,152,153,260,261,269,305,309,353,382,390,431,432,433,459,461,462
  Kermanshah[地]克尔曼沙赫,355
  Kermian[地]克米安,449,451,452
  Kermikhions[族]柔然,见Juan-Juan
  Kerts[族]克尔特人,339,343,352-353,380,385-386,390,426-428
  Kerulen[地]克鲁伦河,怯绿连河,xxii,xxiii,20,109,110,192,193,200,212,248,255,273,274,321,502,504,510,512,529,530,536,539,540
  Kesh (Shahr-i Sebz)[地]渴石(沙赫里夏勃兹),343,345,346,409-414
  Keszthely[地]凯斯特海伊,176
  Khagan (qan; qaan; as title)[专]合罕(称号),61,216,217,221,560注,585注
  Khaganos (sovereign)[专]可汗罗斯(称号),577注
  Khailar[地]海拉尔,3
  Khairkhana[地]海尔哈纳,51
  Khaishan[人]海山,294,299,321,338
  “Khaladjin-alt”[地]合兰真沙陀,210
  “Khala-goun-ola”[地]哈拉-果翁-俄拉,210
  Khalil[人]哈里勒,456,457
  Khalka (people)[族]喀尔喀人,66,509,510,512,513,514,521,523,525,628,529,530,531,536,537,538,629注
  Khalka (river)[地]合勒卡河,210,510
  Khamdo[地]喀木,523
  Khan (as title)[专]汗,可汗(称号),61,216,560注
  Khanbaligh (Khan-baligh; qanbaliq)[地]汗八里(长安,北京),599注;参见Changan; Peking
  Khangai[地]杭爱山(参看於都斤山),20,102,189,214,294,321,335,479,512,537;参见Otükan
  Khanka[地]汗卡要塞,488
  Khansa[地]参看杭州,见Hangchow
  Khanzade[人]罕匝答,421
  Khanzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow
  Kharachin (Jungshiyabo; Karchin)[族]喀喇沁(永谢布人),509,517,629注
  Khara Kula[人]哈剌忽剌,523,526
  Khara Usu, Lake[地]哈拉乌兹湖,214
  Khavalynsk[文]哈瓦伦斯克文化群,6
  Khazaria (Gazaria)[地]可萨里亚,180,314,401,403
  Khazar language[文]可萨文,557注
  Khazars[族]可萨人,哈扎尔人,xxiv,xxviii,176,178-182,396,577注
  Kherson[地]刻松城,73
  Khewra[地]库腊,71
  Khidr-shah[人]希德尔沙,452
  Khilat[地]起剌特,261,263
  Khilok[地]希洛克河,194,551注
  Khingan[地]兴安岭,xxii,xxvi,39,53,54,55,86,192,194,208,210,505,517
  Khingsai, Khinsa[地]杭州,见Hangchow
  Khionites[族]希奥尼特人,68
  Khitan (Khitai; Kitat)[族]契丹人,xxiv,xxviii,66,83,88,106,108,112,125,127-134,136,146,148,164-165,186,190,196,220,228,231,233,250,251-252,283,306,516;参见Kara-Khitai
  Khitan language[文]契丹语,193
  Khitan script[文]契丹文,133-134,570注
  Khiva[地]希瓦(花剌子模),见Khwarizm
  Khizr khan[人]希兹尔汗,446
  Khizr-khoja[人]黑的儿火者,422,424,425
  Khmer (Cambodia)[地]高棉,290,291
  Khocho[朝]高昌,见Turfan
  Khodzhent[地]忽毡,117,165,166,238,332,338,345,410,411,419,423,438,482,497
  Khoi[地]忽伊,359
  Khoit[族]辉特部,520,525,527,537,538,539;参见Dzungar
  Khojas[专]和卓,500-501,527-528,540,541,628注
  Khojo Jan (Little Khojo)[人]霍占集,541-542
  Khokars[族]科卡尔,444
  Khondemir[人]宽德密尔,465
  Khongtaiji (prince imperial)[专]洪台吉(王子称号),630注
  Khorchin (Qorchin)[族]科尔沁人,505,509,516-517,529,629注
  Khortitsa[地]霍蒂萨,246
  Khoshot[族]和硕特部,487,503,510,520,523-527,532,537,538,540;参见Oirat
  Khosrau Firuz ar-Rahim[人]库思老·卑路支·拉希姆,150-151
  Khotan (Cotan; Hotien; Yotkan)[地]于阗(和田,约特干),xxii,40,41,43,45,48,52,54,95,96,101,103,107,114-115,147,165,235,303,306,312,327,332,424,426,491,494,497,500,533,541
  Khshevan (as title)[专](粟特语称号)王,68
  Khudaidad[人]忽歹答,422,425,459-460
  Khulm[地]胡勒姆,412
  Khurasan[地]呼罗珊,68,87,116,142,143,144,146,147,149,150,153,155,159,160,166-167,236,240,260,261,305,309,334,340,345,351,352,353,368,369,372,373,376,381,386,387,390,410,413,415,417,427,428,456,459,461,463,464,481-485,492
  Khutuktai Sechen Khongtaiji[人]库图克图彻辰洪台吉,510-514
  Khu Urluk[人]和鄂尔勒克,521-522,523
  Khuzistan[地]胡齐斯坦,169
  Khvalinsk[地]克瓦林斯克,5
  Khwarizm (Khiva)[地]花剌子模(希瓦),xxviii,9,116,150,158,159,160,166-170,189,233,234,236-242,247,254,260,261,301,330,332,335,351,354,355,392,397,420-421,426,479,481,487-488,521
  Kialing[地]嘉陵江(四川),258,284
  Kian[地]长江,见Yangtze
  K"iang[族]羌人,28-29,47,48
  Kiangchow (Kiukiang)[地]江州(九江),137,323
  Kiangsi[地]江西,137
  Kiangsu[地]江苏,58,138,287,302
  Kichow[地]冀州(大名),见Taming
  Kidara (Ki-to-lo)[人]基达拉(寄多罗),68,69
  Kidarites[朝]基达里王朝,68,69
  Kien[人]贤,43
  Kienchow (Kanchow)[地]虔州(赣州),137
  Kienkang[地]建康(南京),见Nanking
  K"ien-k"u[族]坚昆人,38
  Kienning[地]南京,见Nanking
  Kienshih[地]监氏城,30
  Kiev[地]基辅,乞瓦,10,73,181,182,224,246,265,270,271,395,436
  Kigi[地]基伊,462
  Ki-kou-kuan[地]岐沟关,132
  Kikow[地]歧沟,570注
  Kile[族]基列人,515
  Kimaks[族]基马克人,148,185
  Kin (Alchun; Chin)[族]金(参看完颜部),136-140,164,170,189,190,191,192-193,197,198,203,204,226-233,257-259,283,301,516;参见Wan-yen
  King (river)[地]泾河,90
  Kingchaofu[地]京兆府(长安),见Changan
  Kingchow[地]荆州,122
  Kin-ling-fu[地]金陵府(南京),见Nanking
  Kinshan[地]金山岛,67,139
  Kin-tsung[人]钦宗,136-137
  K"iou Ch"ang-ch"uen (K"iou Ch"u-ki)[人]邱长春(邱处机),244,249,255,590注
  Kipchak khanate (Golden Horde; White Horde)[朝]钦察汗国(金帐汗国,白帐),186,246,264,268-276,281,282,292,304-305,312,314,319,332,335,342,350,358,365-366,368,376,387,389,393-408,419,420,421,426,430,432,435-443,591注;参见Golden Horde; White Horde
  Kipchaks (Cumans; Komanoi; Kun; Polovtsy; Qoun; Qumani)[族]钦察人,xxiv,xxviii,148,184,185-186,246,264,392,395,396
  Ki-pin[朝]罽宾(迦毕试国)见Kapisa
  Kirakos (of Ganja)[人](刚加的)基拉罗斯,282,342,356,357,360,363,367,396
  Kirghiz (people)[族]黠戛斯,乞儿吉思,吉尔吉斯人,xxiv,19,106,109,124,125,128,148,196,205,216,418,473,478,483,485,549注,625注,参见Kara-Kirghiz; Kergüd
  Kirghiz (Alexander; mountains)[地]吉尔吉斯山,xxiii,154,155,161,191,237,244
  Kirghiz-Kazakhs (Qazaqs)[族]吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人,148,478,480,481,485,488-489,495,499,500,508,521,522,526,531,532,538,625注
  Kirgis Nor[地]吉儿吉思湖,512
  Kirin[地]吉林省,255,269
  Kirki (Chufut-Kale)[地]基尔基,402
  Kirman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman
  Kishi-jüz[族]小帐,见Little Horde
  Kishiliq[人]乞失力,210
  Kishmain[人]乞失麦,330,606注
  Kiskoros[地]小克勒什,176
  Kitat[族]契丹,见Khitan
  Kitbuqa[人]怯的不花,355,356,361-365
  Ki-to-lo[人]寄多罗(基达拉),见Kidara
  K"iu[族]麹氏,98
  Kiuchüan[地]酒泉,28
  Kiukiang[地]九江(江州),见Kiangchow
  K"iu-li[地]渠犁,37
  Kiu-ma[地]拒马河,132,570注
  Kiun-ch"en[人]军臣单于,34
  K"iu Pai-ya[人]麹伯雅,89,98
  Kiu-pi-sho[族]车鼻施,119
  Kiu-shih[地]车师(别失八里,吐鲁番),见Beshbaligh; Turfan
  K"iu-tsu[地]龟兹,见Kucha
  K"iu Wen-t"ai[人]麹文泰,98
  Kiu-yen[地]居延,36
  Kiu-yung-kuan (Nankow)Pass[地]居庸关(南口),106,507
  Kiyat[族]乞颜氏族,193,194,198,201
  Kizil[地]克孜尔,50,51-52,96,97-98,101
  Kizil Irmak[地]克孜尔·伊尔马克,350
  Kizilkaya (Qyzyl-qaya)[地]克孜勒卡亚,549注
  Knights of Rhodes[专]罗德的骑士们,451
  Koban[地]科本,5,11
  Kobdo[地]科布多,61,92,113,190,205,214,479,508,510,512,513,520,521,525,526,527,536,537,538,540
  Kobegün (princes)[专]王子,221
  Koblevo[地]科布勒沃,6
  Kobluk[人]古卜鲁克,见Kuilek
  Kochkar[地]库什卡尔,423,561注
  Kochkünji[人]速云赤,484,485
  Koda"a-aral (Koto"ü-aral)[地]阔帖兀阿兰,274
  Kogman[地]曲漫山,见Tannu-Ola
  Koh-i-Baba[地]霍伊巴巴,465
  Koirijak[人]科利贾克,469,622注
  Kokachin (Cocachin)[人]阔阔真,308,309
  Kokand[地]浩罕,482,486,488-489,496
  Kok-bori[专]灰狼,544注
  Kokchü (Tab-tangri)[人]阔阔出,195,217-218,219,585注,591注
  Koke-khoto[地]库库河屯,见Kuku Hoto
  Koko dabtar (“blue books”;registers)[专]青册,220
  Koko Nor[地]青海湖,47,65,89,118,509,513,523,524,525,526,532,540
  Koko Temür[人]扩廓帖木儿,324-325
  Koksegu (Kokse"u)Sabraq[人]可苦速,205
  Kokshün Orkhon[地]鄂尔浑河的科克沁,112
  Kollam[地]奎隆,见Quilon
  Ko-lo[人]葛勒,默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho
  Kolo, Lake[地]曲烈湖,206
  Kolomna[地]科罗姆纳,265
  Kolyma[地]科雷马河,xxv
  Komanoi[族]钦察人,见Kipchaks
  Kona Shahr[地]科纳·沙尔,493
  Konchaka[人]科恩恰哈,617注
  Kondurcha[地]昆都尔察河,440
  Kondurchinsk[地]孔杜尔恰斯克,440
  Konig, F. W.[人]F·W·库利格,11
  Konya (Lycaonia)[地]科尼亚(利考尼亚)xxix,155,157,261,263,272,281,382,385,387,389,452,573注
  Korea[朝]朝鲜,高丽,128,133,259,289,515,599注
  Korgüz (约死于1244年)[人]阔儿吉思,269
  Korgüz (George; 1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),351-352
  Korgüz (Gorgüz; George; d. 1298)[人]阔里吉思,294,301-302,306,314,318,335
  Koshang[地]科尚(看托克托),见Toqto
  Kosho-Tsaidam[地]和硕·柴达木,85-86,87,92-93,101,103,106,108-109,110,112-113,192,566注,578注
  Ko Shu-han[人]哥舒翰,118
  Kosogol, Lake[地]库苏泊,124,479,503
  Kosovo[地]科索沃,449
  Kostromskaya[地]科斯特罗马斯卡雅,12,13,15
  Ko-tjong[人]王焢,259,288,599注
  Kotor (Cattaro)[地]科托尔,267
  Koto"ü-aral[地]阔帖兀阿兰,见Koda"a-aral
  Koyitan[人]阔亦田,207,582注
  Kozadagh[地]柯塞山,263
  Kozel[地]科泽尔,546注
  Kozlov, P. K.[人]科兹洛夫,25,39,133
  Krasnoyarsk[地]克拉斯诺亚尔斯克,5,14
  Krikor (Gregory)[人]克利科尔,358
  Krum[人]克鲁姆,177
  Kuang[地]两广,324
  Kuangku[地]广固,557注
  Kuang-to[地]广德,43
  Kuang Wu-ti[人]光武帝,39
  Kubak-sari[地]和布克赛尔,526
  Kuban[地]库班,4,10,11,12,15,16,72,73,74,176,180,182,392,442,472,503,522
  Kublai (Hu-pi-lie; Qubilai; Qubilay; Qublay)[人]忽必烈,xxiii,xxviii,xxx,59,63,214,272,274,275,282-300,304,305,307,308-309,311,320,321,331,332,333,336,363,371-373,374,396,397,401,419,456,502,512,514,598注
  Kublai, house of[族]忽必烈家族(看元朝),见Yüan
  Kucha (K"iu-tsu; Kuche; Kuchi)[地]库车,xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43-49,52,54,59,62,95-100,103,107,114-115,117,119,125,144,164,173,189,212,233,312,326,329,340,344,426,460,491,492,497,498,506,542,555注,556注
  Kuchean language ("Tokharian" A and B)[语]库车语(吐火罗语A和B),xxiii,28,40,49,96,97,124,125,562注
  Kucheng[地]古城(看别失八里),见Beshbaligh
  Küchlüg[人]屈出律,190,215,233,234,235-236,330,584注
  Küchow (Ghiugiu)[地]衢州,308
  Kuchu[人]阔出,259,268
  Kuchuk Muhammad[人]库楚克·马哈麻汗,470,472
  Kuchum[人]库程汗,489,490
  Kudang[人]库登汗,510
  Kuei-shuang[族]贵霜人,见Kushans
  Kuibyshev[地]古比雪夫(萨马拉),见Samara
  Kuilek (Kobluk)[人]古卜鲁克,403
  Kujula (Kujulo)Kadphises (Kadphises I; Ch"iu-chiu-ch"ueh)[人]卡德菲斯一世(邱就却),32,45-46,561注
  Kuku Hoto (Koke-Khoto)[地]库库河屯(呼和浩特,归化城绥远城),35,136,510,514,529;参见Kweihwacheng; Suiyuan (town)
  Kül-Bulat[人]库尔布鲁特,609注
  Kuldja[地]固尔扎,234,235,282,292,312,319,326,424,528,531,533,538,539,540,541
  Kule[地]库莱,184,
  Ku-li (as title)[专]谷蠡王(称号),20
  Kulikovo[地]库里科沃,405-406,407
  Ku-ki P"ei-lo[人]骨力裴罗,见Qutlugh Bilga
  Kul Oba[地]库尔·奥巴,7,13,15
  Kul-tegin[人]阙特勤,85-86,108-112,116
  Kuma[地]库马,392
  Kumaragupta[人]鸠摩罗芨多,69
  Kumarajiva[人]鸠摩罗什,49-50,59
  Kumiss (qumiz)[专]忽迷思(马奶酒),219,276,568注,587注
  Kumo[地]阿克苏城(姑墨),见Aksu (town and province)
  Kumtura[地]库姆吐拉,52,96,97,98
  Kun[族]看钦察人,见Kipchaks
  Kün-buqa[人]孔不花,259,301,302,303,599注
  Künchow (Yüchow)[地]钧州(今禹州),258
  Kundelung Ubasha[人]昆都仑乌巴什,487-488,523
  Kundjuk[人]宽阇,见Kunjuk
  Kunduz[地]昆都士,82-83,85,93,116,117,119,143,342,346,409,411,412,414
  Kunduzcha[地]孔杜尔恰,440
  Kungas (Kungkas)[人]孔加士,68
  Kungchang (Lungsi)[地]关中(陇西),283
  Kungei[地]昆格山,500
  Kunges[地]空格斯,424,491
  Kungkas[人]孔加士,见Kungas
  Kung-ti[人]恭帝(宋),286
  Kungyueh[地]弓月城,564注
  Kunjuk (Kundjuk)[人]宽阇,338
  Kunlun[地]昆仑山,533
  Kunni[族]昆尼,见Huni
  Kün tangrida ulugh bulmysh kütshlug bilga ch"ung-to[人]登啰羽録没蜜施句主毗伽可汗,122
  Kuo Hiao-k"o[人]郭孝恪,95,99,100
  K"uo-li-ki-ssu (George; name)[人]阔里吉思(乔治),301
  K"uo-li-ki-ssu (George; person)[人](镇海之子)乔治,593注
  Kuo-shih (as title)[专]国师(称号),298
  Kupehkow[地]古北口,129
  Kura[地]库拉河,261,347,369,398,399,430,437,462
  Kurdistan[地]库尔德斯坦,263,361,430,433
  Kurds[族]库尔德人,379,383
  Kurdzhips[地]库尔德泽普斯,16
  Kuriyen (circles)[专]古列延,196
  Kusala[人]和世焺,321
  Kushans (Kuei-shuang)[族]贵霜人,32,45-46,68-69
  Kusmehan[地]库什麦罕,68
  Kustanai[地]库斯坦赖,439
  Kutahya[地]屈塔希亚,451,452
  Kutaisi[地]库塔伊思,263
  Kutan[人]忽滩,246,264
  Ku-to-lu Pei-kia k"iu[人]骨咄禄毗伽阙可汗,见Qutlugh Bilga
  Kutrigurs[族]库特利格尔人,79,80,172,174,176
  Kutsang[地]姑藏(甘州),见Kanchow (Kansu)
  Ku-tu (as title)[专]骨都侯(称号),21
  Kuvrat[人]库弗拉特,175,176
  Kwachow[地]瓜州,35
  Kwangping[地]广平,325
  Kwangsi[地]广西,284,287,518
  Kwangtung[地]广东,287
  Kwantao[地]馆陶,325
  Kwei[人]桂王,518
  Kweichow (Hsailaihsien)[地]妫州(怀来县),106
  Kweihwacheng[地]归化城,25,106,301,306,510,530,参见Kuku Hoto; Toqto
  Kweilin[地]桂林,284,287,518
  Kweiteh[地]归德,258
  Kweitung[地]水洞沟,3
  Kyakhta[地]恰克图,25
  Kyozwa[人]莏苴,291
  Kyushu[地]九州,289
  Kyzyl-Kum[地]克齐尔库姆沙漠,xxii
  Kyzyl-Su,[地]克孜尔河,41
  Kzyl-Orda[地]克孜勒奥尔达(看波罗威斯克),见Perovsk
  Ladakh[地]拉达克山,497,499
  Ladislas (活跃于1287年)[人]拉迪斯拉斯,401
  Lahore[地]拉合尔,168,339,443
  Laikhor-khan[人]赉瑚尔汗,512
  Lajazzo (Latakiap; Layas; Ayas)[地]剌牙思,305,312,313,370
  Lakhanas[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),见Ivailo
  Lakiashih (Aru-rarja)[地]拉加寺地区,525
  Lalegir[族]拉列基尔人,515
  Lamaism[宗]喇嘛教,220,298,299,319,323,383,513-515,523,564注,628注;红教,513,523;黄教,513,514,523,524,526,532,533,536,540
  Lamut[族]拉穆特人,515
  Lanchi[地](浙江)兰溪,308
  Lanchow (Yüan-ch"uan)[地]兰州(苑川),35,60,107
  Langson[地]谅山,290
  Lao-shang[人]老上单于,21,27,28
  Lao-tse[人]老子,见Taoism
  Laranda (Karaman)[地]拉兰达(今卡拉曼),391,452
  Lasha, David[人]大卫·拉沙,见David Lasha
  Lasha, Giorgi III[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,见Giorgi III Lasha
  Latakia[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo
  Latsang khan[人]拉藏汗,524,532-533
  Laurence (of Ancona)[人]劳伦斯,342
  Law codes[专]法典,见Shari"a; Yasaq
  Layas[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo
  Lazica[地]拉齐卡,84
  Le Coq, A. A. von[人]勒柯,96,97,122
  Legdan (Lingdan)[人]林丹汗,510,514,517
  Legnica[地]里格尼兹,见Liegnitz
  Lelvar[文]勒尔瓦尔文化,5,545注
  Lena (river)[地]勒拿河,xxv,515
  Leo, St. (Leo the Great)[人]圣利奥,76
  Leo III (of Cilicia)[人](西里西亚的)利奥三世,371
  Leo IV (the Khazar; Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)利奥四世,179
  Leo VI (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)利奥六世,178,180
  Levedia[地]列维底亚,177,178,182
  Levedian culture[专]列维底亚文化,67,549注
  Levunion, Mount[地]列瓦尼恩山,184
  Lezghians (Lezginy)[族]列兹基人,246
  Lhasa[地]拉萨(布达拉宫),523,526-527,532,533,540;Potala,524,533
  Li An-ch"uan[人]李安全,226,227
  Liang[朝]梁,59,64
  Liang, Hou-[朝]后梁,见Hou-Liang
  Liangchow (Erginul; Ergiuul)[地]凉州,35,54,112,306
  Liang K"in[人]梁慬,47
  Liang Shu[书]《梁书》,68
  Liao (dynasty)[朝]辽代(契丹),见Khitan
  Liao (river)[地]辽河,39,54,61,83,127,128,164,196,228,293
译后记
  在20世纪即将结束之际,《草原帝国》一书中文本的出版意义重大。
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