草原帝国

第147章


n (Itügan)[地]於都斤山,561注
  A"uchu[人]阿忽出,见Aquchu
  Augsburg[地]奥格斯堡,179
  Aulie-Ata[地]奥李·阿塔,见Talas (town)
  Aunjetitz[地]奥涅提兹,4
  Aurelian[人]奥列里安,73
  Aurel Stein[人]奥瑞尔,斯坦因,见Stein, Sir Mark Aurel
  Aurignacian culture[文]奥瑞纳文化,3
  “Aurignacian Venus”[文]奥瑞纳女神像,3
  Austrasia[朝]奥地利,173,174
  Avak[人](梯弗里斯牧师)阿瓦克,358
  Avares, Avari[族]阿瓦尔人,见Avars
  Avaria[地]阿瓦尔人之地,175-176
  Avars (Abares; Abaroi; Avares; Avari)[族]阿瓦尔人,xxiii-xxiv,xxviii,67,79,82,84-85,171-177各处,193,546注
  Avicenna[人]阿维森纳,244
  Ayamish[人]阿牙迷失,302
  Ayas[地]剌牙思(拉齐卡),见Lajazzo
  Aydin[地]艾登,449,451,452
  Ayil(camps)[专]阿寅勒,196
  Ayman, aymaq(tribes or army corps)[专]爱马克(部,或军团),516,530
  Ayoshka[地]阿约什卡,558注
  Ayuka[人]阿玉奇,522
  Ayurparibhadra[人]爱育黎拔力八达,见Buyantu
  Ayurshiridhara[人]爱猷识礼达腊,324,325,502
  Ayyub[人]阿优布,541
  Ayyubids[朝]阿尤布王朝,189,261,359-365各处
  Azerbaijan[地]阿塞拜疆(阿哲儿拜占),151,155,158,169,240,245,260,261,262,263,309,315,334,339,359,361,366,368,389,390,398,405,429,430,437,456,458,459,461,462
  "Aziz, al-[人]阿尔·阿吉兹,360
  Azov (town)[地]亚速(城)(参看塔那),见Tana
  Azov, Sea of[地]亚速海,15,79,80,172,173,176,177,181,182,246,407,436
  Baalbek[地]巴勒贝克,447
  Ba"arin[族]八邻部,194,202,218,599注
  Ba"atur(as title)[专]巴阿秃儿(称号),194,222
  Ba"atur (Ba"atur-khongtaiji)[人]巴图尔洪台吉,523,526,540
  Babulsar[地]麦什德·萨尔,见Meshed-i-Sar
  Baber[人]巴布尔,417,464,482,483,484,497,498
  Babur-mirza[人]巴布儿·米儿咱,460,461
  Babylon[地]巴比伦,7,9
  Bachanak[人]佩彻涅格人,见Petchenegs
  Bacninh[地]北肮,290
  Bactra (Balkh)[地]巴尔赫,巴里黑城,xxi,40,68,85;参见Balkh (city)
  Bactria (Balkh; Ta-hsia; Tokharistan)[地]巴克特里亚(大夏,吐火罗斯坦),xxii,28-32各处,51,67-71各处,82-83,85,93,172;参见Balkh (region);Tokharistan
  Badai[人]把带,210
  Badakhshan (Badascian)[地]巴达克山,65,69,70,71,305,312,340,346,409,411,414,542
  Badi"az-Zeman[人]巴迪·匝曼,465,481
  Badma Sambhava[人]巴德马沙布黑威,629注
  Badr ad-Din Lulu[人]别都鲁丁卢卢,263-264,359,366
  Baga-tarkhan[人]莫贺达干,115,566注
  Baghatur(as title)[专]巴哈秃儿(称号),194
  Baghdad[地]巴格达,报达,151,355-356,357,359,367,368,389,390,397,420,426,429,430,433,434,435,450,456,458,462
  Baghdad,caliphate[朝]巴格达哈里发朝,参看阿拔斯王朝,见Abbasids
  Bagi(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195
  Bagrach, Lake (Bagrach Kol)[地]博斯腾湖,46,424
  Bagrat V[人]伯格拉特五世,430
  Bahmanids[朝]巴赫曼小苏丹国,444
  Bahram Chobin[人]巴赫拉姆·楚宾,85,141
  Bahram Gor[人]巴赫拉姆·哥尔,67-68
  Bahram-shah[人]巴赫拉姆沙赫,159
  Bai[地]拜城,426,492,497
  Baibars[人]拜巴斯,364,366,370,398
  Baibuqa[人]台不花,见Taibuqa
  Baida, al-[地]拜达城(参看伊提尔),见Itil
  Baidar (Peta)[人]拜答儿,264,266
  Baidarik[地]拜塔里克河,536,581注
  Baidu[人]拜都,377,378
  Baiju[人]拜住,263,271,281,282,347,348,349,350,355,359,361,596注
  Baikal, Lake[地]贝加尔湖,xxii,xxvi,xxvii,25,114,192,194,205,208,479,503,504,507,544注
  Bailey, H. W.[人]贝利,30
  Baiqara[人]拜哈拉,456,457,458
  Bairam Khwaja[人]拜拉姆·瓦加,391
  Baishing[地]板升,629注
  Baitistan (Great Pulu)[族]巴蒂斯坦,大勃律,118
  Bajazet (Bayezid; Bayazid)[人]巴耶塞特,435,448,450-451,452
  Bajazet II[人]巴耶塞特二世,483
  Bak-chor[人]默啜,见Mo-ch"o
  Bakhchisarai (Qirq-yer)[地]巴赫切萨拉伊,471,475
  Baki(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195
  Bala (活跃于1222)[人]八剌(札剌儿部那颜),242
  Bala (Bela;活跃于1252)[人]八拉,330
  Baladitya[人]槃罗迭多,71
  Balaklava[地]巴拉克拉瓦,406
  Balamir (Balamber)[人]巴拉米尔(巴拉贝尔),38,73
  Balanjar[地]巴伦加尔,180
  Balasagun[地]八拉沙衮,133,144,145,147,164-165,233,234,236,312
  Balc[地]巴里黑城,巴尔赫,见Balkh (city)
  Baljuna[地]班朱尼河,211,415,583注
  Balkan Mountains[地]巴尔干山脉,175,176,184-185
  Balkh (city; Balc)[地]巴尔赫城,巴里黑城(参看巴克特里亚),116,142,143,146,166,240,243,305,312,340,346,409,411,412,414,415,431,456,457,460,461,481,485,486,487;参见Bactra
  Balkh (region)[地]巴尔赫地区(参看巴克特里亚和吐火罗斯坦),117,153,160,414;参见Bactria; Tokharistan
  Balkhash, Lake (Atrek-Kul)[地]巴尔喀什湖,xxiii, 53,55,67,72,80,95,113,114,115,119,120,148,234,238,255,270,275,277,326,335,424,425,480,489,507,508,522,531
  Baltic[地]波罗的海,395
  Bamian[地]巴米安,范延,50-51,97,167,241,271,329,334
  Baniyas[地]巴尼亚斯,363
  Banjara[人]班家拉,629注
  Baqi Muhammad[人]巴基·穆罕默德,486
  Baraghun-ghar (bara"un-gharorqar; barun-ghar; right or west wing)[专]右翼军,223,509,629注
  Baranduk[人]巴兰都黑,480
  Baraq (Ghiyath ad-Din)[人]八剌,292,327,332,333-334,369,401,606注
  Bara"un-ghar (qar)[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar
  Barca[人]别儿哥,见Berke
  Barchuq[人]巴而术,233,234,238,329-330
  Bardhaa[地]巴尔德哈,437
  Barghu (Barghuchin; Barquchin; Barqujin)[地]八儿忽真隘,205,208,582注
  Bar Hebraeus[人]巴赫布拉攸斯,191,362,367,377,396
  Barkiyaruk[人]巴尔基雅鲁克,155
  Barkol[地]巴里坤,42,48,55,126,536,538
  Bar Kol, Lake[地]巴里坤湖,47,126,569注
  Barla[族]巴鲁剌部,见Barula
  Barlas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,见Hajji Barlas
  Barnaoul[地]巴尔瑙尔,525
  Baroghil Pass[地]巴罗吉尔山口,119
  Barquchin, Barqujin[地]八儿忽真隘,见Barghu
  Barquq[人]贝尔孤格,433,434,441,446-447
  Barsa-bolod[人]巴尔斯博罗特,509,510
  Bartan-ba"atur[人]把儿坦巴阿秃儿,198
  Bartatua[人]巴塔图亚,8-9
  Barthold, V. V.[人]巴托尔德,113,120,126,145,149,154,165,179,181-182,194,195,198,201,222,238,239,253,272,275,277,328,333,341,377,380,395,397,400,407,421,440,441,442,479,480,525,531
  Barula (Barla)[族]巴鲁剌部,194
  Barun-ghar[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar
  Bashkirs[族]巴什基尔人,403,472,522,576注
  Basil II (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)巴西尔二世,182
  Basil II (the Blind; Russian ruler)[人](罗斯统治者,瞎子)巴西尔二世,470
  Basil III (Vasili Ivanovich; Russian ruler)[人](莫斯科大公,瓦西里·伊凡诺维奇)巴西尔三世,473
  Basmil[族]拔悉蜜,112,113,569注,588注
  Basra[地]巴士拉,315,458
  Bastarnae[族]巴斯塔尔尼人,72-73
  Batchman[人]八赤蛮,264
  Bateni[地]巴捷尼,18
  Battle of the Marshes[专]麦什德之战,412
  Battle tactics[专]战术,9,23,24,74-75,224-226,228,229,242-243,245,283;artillery,529,530,540,625注;大象,use of,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注;火器,530,532,540;骑兵射手,7,8,23,75,223,224,553注-554注;围攻机械,283,287,450
  Batu (Sain-khan)[人]拔都(赛恩汗),254,264-276,281,282,350,392-396,512,594注,596注
  Bayan (活跃于582)[人]巴颜,173-174
  Bayan (活跃于650)[人]巴颜(保加尔人首领),176
  Bayan (Nayan; 1301-09)[人]伯颜(白帐汗),335,403
  Bayan (Po-yen;活跃于1276)[人]伯颜(将领),286,287,292,294,599注
  Bayan (死于1340)[人](权臣)伯颜,323
  Bayan-chor[人]默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho
  Bayan Selduz[人](速勒都思部)巴颜,343,345,346,409,410
  Baya"ut[族]伯牙吾惕,194
  Bayazid, Bayezid[人]拜牙即(迷里拜牙即)见Bajazet; Mir Bayezid
  Bayirku[族]拔野古,109,110
  Bayisangghur[人]巴义山格呼儿,629注
  Baysonqor (Baysonkur)[人]拜孙哈尔,464
  Begjik[人]别克吉,411
  Beha ad-Din (Beha ad-Din Muhammad)[人]贝哈哀丁,367,609注
  Beha ad-Din Marghinani[人]火者·巴海乌丁,329
  Beha ad-Din Razi[人]贝哈哀丁拉齐,588注
  Beit Abe[地]拜特·阿比,357
  Bek(mayor of the palace)[专]伯克(宫廷侍长),577注
  Bekter[人]别克台尔,199,200
  Béla IV (of Hungary)[人](匈牙利王)贝拉四世,266,267
  Bela[人]八拉,见Bala
  Bela Vezha, Belaya Vezha[地]白城(沙克尔),见Sarkel
  Belgrade (Singidunum)[地]贝尔格莱德(辛吉杜蒙),76,174
  Belgutai[人]别里古台,199,293
  Belisarius[人]伯里沙留斯,79
  Belor[人]波罗,见Bolor
  Benaket[地]别纳客忒,238,338
  Benedict XII, Pope[人]本尼狄克十二世,304,319,341-342,404
  Benedict de Goes[人]鄂本笃,500
  Bengal[地]孟加拉,70,444
  Benveniste, émile[人]贝文尼斯特,10
  Berdibeg[人]别儿迪别,405
  Berke (Barca)[人]别儿哥,264,265,274,305,332,363,365,366,369,394,397-400各处,420,615注
  Berkejar[人]别儿克贾,333,401
  Besasiri[人]贝撒希瑞,151
  Berry (France)[地]贝里(法国),178
  Beshbaligh (Dzimsa; Kiu-shih; Kucheng; Peiting)[地]别失八里(吉木萨,车师,古城,北庭),42,44,46,47,48,95,100,112,113,114,125,126,144,164,197,233,272,282,305,312,326,327,329,330,331,335,351,400,569注
  Bessarabia[地]比萨拉比亚,4,9,174
  Beth Garmai[地]伯斯卡迈,368
  Beya[地]别亚,18
  Bezeklik[地]伯子克力克,52,96,98,124
  Bhamo[地]八莫海峡,290,308
  Bhanugupta[人]巴奴芨多,70
  Bhatnair[地]帕特奈尔,444
  Bichura[地]比丘拉,558注
  Bichurskoye[地]比楚尔斯科雅,551注
  Bihar[地]比哈尔,70;参见Magadha
  Bihzad[人]毕赫札德,465
  Bilga(as title)[专]必勒格,195
  Bilik(“sayings”)[专]必里克(箴言),221
  Bilqas[地]比勒加斯,362
  Binhdinh[地]平定,290,309
  Birar[族]比拉尔族,515
  Birecik[地]比雷吉克,361
  Birkeh-i Gurian[地]比耳哈·古里安,423
  Bistam[地]比斯坦,390
  Bithynia[地]比萨尼亚,385,452
  Bitlis[地]比德里思,262
  Black Irtysh[地]黑额尔齐斯河,也儿的石河,也儿的石河上游,82,190,255,312,338,424,425,479,510,512,523,525,537
  Black Sea[地]黑海,8,73,173,177,185,268,276,374,392,405
  Black Sheep[朝]黑羊王朝,见Qara-Qoyunlu
  Bleda[人]布勒达,75
  Blue Mongols (Koka Mongol)[专]蓝蒙古人,或青蒙古人,xxv,585注
  Blue Turks (Kak Türk)[专]蓝突厥人,或青突厥人,86,585注;参见T"u-chüeh
  Bocolabras (shaman; sorcerer)[宗]男巫,172
  Bodi (Bodi-khan)[人]博迪汗,510
  Bodunchar[人]孛端察尔,193
  Boga(shaman)[宗]巫师,172,195
  Bogdo Ala[地]博格达拉山,95
  Bogdo-khan[人]土谢图汗,见Tushetu-khan
  Boghorchu[人]博儿术,见Bo"orchu
  Boghul (slaves; vassals)[专]孛斡勒(奴隶、属臣),195,222
  Bogü[人]匐俱,110
  Bogurji[人]博儿术,见Bo"orchu
  Bohemia[地]波希米亚,175
  Bohemund VI[人]波赫蒙德六世,360,361,362,363
  Boibeghus Ba"atur[人]拜巴噶斯巴图尔,523
  Bokhan[人]波汗,85,173
  Boleslav IV[人]博列思老四世,266
  Boleslav V (the Chaste)[人](贞洁者)博列思老五世,399
  Bolgar (town; Bolgarskoye; Bolgary; Uspenskoye)[地]保加尔人的城市(今波尔加利,乌斯平斯科伊),264,393,401,594注
  Bolgars[族]保加尔人,见Bulgars
  Bolgarskoye, Bolgary[地]波尔加利城,见Bolgar (town)
  Bolghai[人]孛鲁合,275,285,286
  Bolkhojinong[人]博勒呼济农,509
  Bolod (活跃于1285)[人]孛罗(丞相),304,378,381
  Bolod (约1407-12)[人]不剌汗,见Pulad
  Bolod (place)[地]普拉德,见Pulad
  Bolod Temür[人]孛罗帖木儿,324
  Bolor (Belor)[地]波罗,306
  Bon-posorcery[宗]本教,523
  Bonus[人]波鲁斯,174
  Bo"orchu (Boghorchu; Bogurji)[人]博儿术,200,206,210,223,589注
  Boraqchin[人]博剌克斤,397
  Boraq Hajjib[人]霍吉勃博剌克,260,353
  Bordeaux[地]波尔多,375
  Bordei-Herastrau[文]波德·希拉斯特安文化,6
  Boris[人]鲍里斯,177
  Borjigin[族]孛儿只斤部,193,199-200,207,217,505
  Bor Nor[地]贝尔湖,捕鱼儿湖,192,198,203,210,502,510,529
  Borodino[地]博罗季诺,4
  Boroqul[人]博罗浑,206,210
  Borotala[地]博罗塔拉,102,554注
  Borovka, G. I.[人]波罗夫卡,14,16
  Borte[人]孛儿帖,200,201,218,219,220,394
  Borte-cino[人]孛儿帖公主,554注
  Bosporus (city)[地]博斯普鲁斯城,见Panticapaeum
  Bosporus (strait)[地]博斯普鲁斯海峡,174,175
  Bosporus, Cimmerian[地]博斯普鲁斯,见Cimmerian Bosporus
  Boucher, Guillaume[人]布歇,纪尧姆,280,281
  Bronze age[专]铜器时代,4-5,6
  Brussa[地]布鲁萨,见Bursa
  Buchin[人]布金,334
  Budaq[人]沙·布达克,481
  Buddha (Buddha Sakyamuni; Sagamoni Burcan)[宗]佛陀,308;relics, 298,308,533
  Buddhagupta[人]佛陀笈多,70,71
  Buddhism[宗]佛教(参见喇嘛教),xxiii,32,48,49,51,60,63,65,66,70,95,96,98,99,101,111,118,125,220,237,275,276,277,290,297-300,327,367,379,383,527,628注;和尚,602注;翻译文本49,59,96,97,124,299;道人,597注,602注;参见Lamaism
  Buddhist art[文]佛教艺术,48-53,64,65,70,96-99,122,124
  Buerova Mogila[人]布诺瓦,16
  Bug (river)[地]布格河,5,10,392
  Bughra-khan Harun[人]博格拉汗哈仑,144,145,147
  Bughra Sali Tutuq[人]博格拉·萨利·吐吐克,568注
  Bugur[地]布吉尔,344
  Bujai[人]布贾,386
  Bukhara[地]布哈拉,不花剌(城),96,116,117,118,120,141,142,144,145,146,147,149,165,168,169,239,243,244,254,255,305,326,327,328,332,333,335,340,344,345,370,412,413,438,464,465,481,483-489,496,498,531,540
  Bukharia[地]布哈拉地区,486,526
  Bukovina[地]布科维纳,4
  Bulaji (Puladshi)[人]播鲁只,344,422
  Bulan[人]布兰可汗,577注
  Bulat (Pulad)[人]布拉特,532
  Bulgaria[朝]保加利亚国,178,268,402,403,449;Great Bulgaria,176
  Bulgarians (Bulgars)[族]保加利亚人(保加尔人),399,402
  Bulgar language[文]保加尔语,577注
  Bulgars (Bolgars)[族]保加尔人,保加利亚人,xxviii,174,175-176,177,185,186,247,264,392,393,441
  Buluk[地]布鲁克,549注
  Bumin (T"u-men)[人]布明(土门),81,82,86
  Bunchagan, Lake[地]布察干湖,581注
  Buqa Timur[人]不花帖木儿,355
  Burgas[地]布尔加斯,174,177
  Burgundians[族]勃艮第人,56,60,449
  Burgundy[地]勃艮第,178
  Burhan ad-Din[人]布汉哀丁,391,449
  Burhan ad-Din (Great Khoja)[人]包尔汉丁(大和卓),541-542
  Büri (活跃于1240)[人]不里,264,265,275,607注
  Büri (活跃于1270)[人]不里,334,338,607注
  Buri-boko[人]不里孛阔,204
  Buri-tigin (Tamgatch-khan)[人]贝里特勤,147,572注
  Burma (Mien)[地]缅甸,290-291,308
  Burni[人]布尔尼,519-520
  Burqan Qaldun[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),见Kentei
  Bursa (Brussa)[地]布鲁萨,420,451
  Burut[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯,见Kara-Kirghiz
  Buscarel de Gisolf[人]布斯卡尔,375,376
  Bushang[地]布格申,427
  Butkhanaha(pagan temples)[地]异教寺庙,359
  Bu"ura[地]布拉河(不兀剌川),201
  Buyang-ghulai[人]布颜格呼赖,629注
  Buyan-quli[人]巴颜合里,343
  Buyan Shiban[人]布颜昔班,301
  Buyan Temür[人]卜颜帖木儿,325
  Buyantu (Ayurparibhadra)[人]普颜笃(爱育黎拔力八达),321,340
  Buyids[朝]布威朝,143,150-151,152,153,354-355
  Buyiruq[人]不亦鲁,205,208,215,584注
  Buyur, Lake[地]捕鱼儿湖,206
  Buzar[人]布札儿,234,235
  Byskar[地]拜什卡尔,558注
  Bytom[地]比托姆,399
  Byzantine Empire[朝]拜占庭帝国,57,62,82-85,153,172,173-175,177,179-180,182,184,186,385,399,401,402,452
  Byzantium[地]拜占庭,参看君士坦丁堡,见Constantinople
  Cacianfu[地]河间府,见Hokien
  Caesarea[地]凯撒里亚,154,273,349
  Caffa (Feodisiya)[地]喀发(费奥多西亚),319,342,403,404,405,407,471,472,473
  Cahen, G.,[人]卡亨,402
  Cahun, Léon[人]卡洪,224,247
  Cail (Kayal)[地]卡亚尔,311
  Cailac[地]海押立,见Qayaligh
  Cairo[地]开罗,364,387
  Caitan, Caiton[地]刺桐,(泉州),见Chüanchow
  Cambaluc[地]汗八里,(北京),见Peking
  Cambay, Gulf of[地]坎贝湾,309
  Cambodia[地]柬埔寨(高棉),见Khmer
  Campiciu[地]甘州,见Kanchow (Kansu)
  Campsay[地]杭州,见Hangchow
  Campus Mauriacus[地]莫里亚库斯驻地,76
  Camul[地]哈密,见Hami
  Cansay[地]杭州,见Hangchow
  Canton (Sincalan)[地]广州(辛迦兰),287,290,305,308,309-310,315,323,324,518,605注
  Cappadocia[地]卡帕多细亚,8,9,154,155,157,370,391,449
  Carachoco[地]哈剌火州(吐鲁番),见Turfan
  Caragian (kingdom)[朝]云南国,见Yunnan
  Caragian (town)[地](云南;大理城)哈剌章,见Tali
  Caraian[朝]云南(王国),见Yunnan (kingdom)
  Caramoran[地]黄河,见Yellow River
  Caria[地]卡里亚,452
  Carl, Jean[人]J.卡尔,51
  Carnatic[地]卡纳蒂克,311
  Carnuntum,[地]卡农图姆,175
  Carolingians[族]加洛林王朝人(也参看查理曼),60,158,178;参见Charlemagne
  Carpathian Mountains[地]喀尔巴阡山脉,73,75,176,177
  Carpini[人]迦儿宾,见Piano Carpini
  Cascar[地]喀什城,见Kashgar
  Casimir IV (of Poland)[人](波兰的)卡西米四世,470
  Caspian Sea[地]里海,8,93,185,245,400,508,521,523,525
  Catalonia[地]加太罗尼亚,74
  Cathay[地]契丹,306,309
  Catherine II (of Russia)[人](俄国的)叶卡捷琳娜二世,477
  Catholic Church[宗]天主教教会,见Christianity条下
  Cattaro[地]科托尔,见Kotor
  Caucausus[地]高加索,6,8,9,11,176,181,240,246,263,366,376,392,397,419,433,442,522
  Cavalry[专]骑兵,见Archers,mounted;Horse
  Ceylon[地]锡兰国,298,308,311,315
  Chaban[地]佛誓,见Vijaya
  Chadak[地]哈达克,488
  Chagan[人]察罕,223
  Chagan (Zagan; Andrew)[人]察甘,376
  Chagatai[人]察合台,见Jagatai
  Chaghan[人]察罕,259
  Chaghan-ordo[朝]白帐汗国(查罕·斡耳朵),见White Horde
  Chaghan Tatar[族]察罕塔塔儿部,207-208
  Chaghan Temür[人]察罕帖木儿,323,324
  Chagri-beg[人]查基尔拜格,150
  Chagri-khan Jalal ad-Din[人]恰格里汗·贾拉尔·阿德·丁,574注
  Chahar (people)[族]察哈儿人,509-514,517,519,530,538,629注
  Chahar (place)[地]察哈尔,xxii,xxv,25,164,285,288,507,516
  Chaka (Jeku)[人]术客,402,403
  Chakravartin(as title)[宗]查克拉瓦蒂(佛教词汇中为“宇宙之君主”),298
  Chalcedon[地]卡尔西登,174
  Chalish[地]察力失(焉耆,喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr由卝纹卝人卝书卝屋卝整卝理
  Cham (Jam)[地]剑河,584注
  Champa (Ciamba; Cyamba)[朝]占婆,289-290,308,315
  Champagne (region)[地]香巴尼地区,178
  Chandrapida[人]真陀罗秘利,118-119
  Chandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho
  Changan (Fengyuanfu; Kingchaofu; Qan-baliq; Quegianfu; Sera metropolis; Sian)[地]长安(京兆府),xxix,34,38,41,56,57,58,59,61,63,66,81,83,89,90,92,100,120,126,127,232,307,599注,604注,605注
  Chang Ch"uen[人]张骞,30,34
  Changchow[地]常州,287
  Ch"ang-ch"uen[人]长春真人,见Kiou Ch"ang-ch"uen
  Changchun[地]长春,516
  Chang Hiao-sung[人]张孝嵩,117
  Ch"ang Huei[人]常惠,37
  Chang Kuei[人]张珪,299
  Changping[地]昌平,107
  Changsha[地]长沙,284,287
  Chang Shih-ch"eng[人]张士诚,323,324
  Chang Shih-ch"ung[人]张世忠,511
  Chang Shih-kie[人]张世杰,287
  Chang Shuen[人]张顺,287
  Changteh[地]彰德(参看邺城),65,130,137,232;参见Ye
  Chang-ti[人]汉章帝,42,44
  Changyeh[地]张掖,35,41
  Chan Kue[人]张贵,287
  Chao[朝]赵国,20
  Ch"ao (paper currency)[专]钞(纸币),297,310,377
  Chao, Hou-[朝]后赵,见Hou-Chao
  Chao, Ts"ien[朝]前赵,见Ts"ien-Chao
  Chaochow[地]潮州,287
  Chaochow[地]赵州,108
  Chao Huei[人]兆惠,538,541
  Chao Hung[人]赵珙,199
  Chao K"uang-yin[人]赵匡胤(宋太祖),见T"ai-tsu
  Chao Meng-fu, school of[文]赵孟頫瞓学派,223
  Chao-modo[地]昭莫多,530
  Chao Pao[人]赵彪,54
  Chao Pao-ki (Li Ki-ts"ien)[人]赵保机(李继迁),132
  Chao P"o-nu[人]赵破奴,35
  Chao Ssu-wen[人]赵思温,129
  Chao To-ming[人]赵德明,133
  Chaoyang[人]朝阳,557注
  Chao Yüan-hao[人]赵元昊,133
  Chapar[人]察八儿,295,335,336,338,384
  Chapogir[族]恰波吉尔人,515
  Charchan[地]车尔城,见Cherchen
  Charin[地]察里恩河,460
  Charkhlik[地]恰克里克城(参看罗不),见Lop
  Charlemagne[人]查理曼,82,158,175
  Charpentier, Jarl[人]查尔彭蒂尔,29,30
  Cha"ur-baki[人]察兀儿别吉,209
  Chavannes, édouard[人]沙畹,42
  Che Ch"an[人]支谶,49
  Che-che[人]致支,37,38,55,72
  Che-che yun-tu, Mount[地]《元史》折折运都山,212
  Chekiang[地]浙江,137,287,308,323,324,518
  Che K"ien[人]支曜,49
  Chenab[地]杰纳布河,446
  Chenchow[地]镇巢,304,503,599注
  Cheng Ki[人]郑吉,37
  Ch"eng T"ang[人]陈汤,38
  Chengting[地]正定,108,130,132,229
  Chengtu (Sindufu)[地]兴都府,307,310,598注
  Chenkiang (Cinghianfu)[地]镇江,137,139,302
  Chen-kin (Chinkim)[人]真金,302,321
  Ch"en Mu[人]陈睦,43,46
  Chen-tsung[人]宋真宗,132,133
  Ch"en Yu-liang[人]陈友谅,323,324
  Cherchen (Charchan; Ciarcian)[地]车尔城,306
  Cheremis[族]切列米斯人,472
  Cherman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman
  Chernigov[地]切尔尼戈夫,10,246,265
  Chernoziom[地]切尔诺柔姆,547注
  Chernyakhov[地]切尔尼亚霍夫,73
  Chersonesus,85;[地]刻松城,参见Kherson
  Chertomlyk[地]切尔托姆雷克,7,10,546注
  Ch"eu Ou[人]崔瑀,599注
  Chi[地]蓟(今天的北京),见Peking
  Ch"i, Pei-[朝]北齐,见Pei-Ch"i
  Chiangmai (Xiengmai; Pape)[地]清迈,291,600注
  Chia Ssu-tao[人]贾似道,284,286
  Ch"i-chia-p"ing[文]齐家坪文化,3
  Chichow[地]池州,287
  Ch"ien Han Shu[书]《前汉书》,21,29,30-31
  Ch"ien-lung[人]乾隆,xxx,518,520,537,538-539,542
  Chihli, Gulf of[地]直隶湾,14,230
  Chihtan[地]志丹(保安),见Paoan
  Chih Tao[人](傅安)之道,见Fu An
  Chila"un[人]赤老温,200,206
  Chilgerboko[人]赤勒格儿力士,201
  Chilperic[人]查尔帕里克,58
  Chimbai[人]赤不拜,200
  Ch"in[朝]秦朝,20,26-27
  Chin (12th-13th cent.)[朝]金国,见Kin
  Chin, Hou-[朝]后金,见Hou-Chin
  Ch"in, Hou-[朝]后秦,见Hou-Ch"in
  Ch"in, Hsi-[朝]西秦,见Hsi-Ch"in
  Chin, northern or western[朝]晋(北晋或称西晋),54,55
  Chin, southern or eastern[朝]晋(南晋或东晋),56-57
  Ch"in Ts"ien-[朝]前秦,见Ts"ien-Ch"in
  China, Republic of[朝]中华民国,323,519,529
  China Sea[地]中国海,308
  Chinaz[地]契纳兹,412
  Chinggis-khan[人]成吉思汗,见Jenghiz Khan
  Chingintalas[地]欣斤塔剌思,603注
  Chingiz[地]青吉兹,215
  Chin Huai-ti[人]晋怀帝,56
  Chinkiang[地]镇江,287
  Chinkim[人]真金,见Chen-kin
  Chin Min-ti[人]晋愍帝,56
  Chinqai[人]镇海,257,268,270,272,274,351
  Ch"in Shih Huang-ti[人]秦始皇,20,26,101
  Chintimur,[人]真帖木儿,351
  Chios[地]希俄斯岛,452
  Chirchik (Parak)[地]奇尔奇克河(帕拉克河),244,463,496
  Chigirin[地]奇吉林,15
  Chita[地]基塔,25,37,551注
  Ch"iu-chiu-ch"ueh[人]邱就却,见Kujula Kadphises
  Chiu Shih-ssu[人]瞿式耜,518
  Chkalov[地]奥伦堡,见Orenburg
  Chmielnik[地]赫梅尔尼克,266
  Chochow[地]涿州,131,132,570注
  Chofang[地]朔方,34-35
  Chol[族]沙陀,见Sha-t"o
  Choligh-buqa[人]绰里吉不花,301
  Chopan (Juban)[人]出班,385,387
  Chormaghan (Chormaqan)[人]绰儿马罕,261-262,263,347-348,350,351,359
  Choros (Olot; Tsoros)[族]绰罗斯部,503,520-521,523-528各处,531,537,538,539,540;参见Oirat
  Chosroes I Anoshirvan[人]库思老一世(阿奴细尔汪),82,83
  Chosroes II Parviz[人]库思老二世(帕维兹),51,85,174
  Chou, Hou-[朝]后周,见Hou-Chou
  Chou, Pei-[朝]北周,见Pei-Chou
  Chou Ta-kuan[人]周达观,291
  Chowkowtien[地](北京)周口店,3
  Christianity[宗]基督教,165,179,180,186,220,263,281,282,300,312,313-314,319,341-342,348,356-358,360,361,363,377,379,401,402,404;主教,300;参见Jacobites; Nestorianism
  Chu[地]楚河,38,67,82,102,133,144,145,165,189,204,233,236,244,254,277,326,343,395,397,423,425,508
  Chüanchow (Caitan; Caiton; Zayton)[地]泉州(刺桐),287,291,305,308,310,311,312,314,319,604注
  Chuchow (Cugiu)[地]处州,308
  Chufut-Kale[地]基尔基,见Kirki
  Chuguchak[地]楚固恰克,xxiii,95,164,424,526
  Ch"u-lo[人]处罗,89
  Ch"u-mi[族],处蜜,100
  Ch"u-mu-kuen[族]处木昆,115
  Chumysh[地]楚麦什河,525
  Chung[人]忠,43,45
  Ch"ung-cheng[人]崇祯帝,517
  Ch"ung-fu-ssu(government department)[专]崇福司,300
  Chung-hei[人](金王)永济,140,227,230
  Chunghing[地]中兴府(参看宁夏),见Ningsia
  Chungli (Fengyang)[地]钟离(凤阳),65
  Chungshan (Tingchow)[地]中山(今保定南部的定州),59,60
  Chung-tu[地]中都(北京),见Peking
  Chuong-duong[地]升隆,290
  Chu Sho-fu[人]竺朔佛,49
  Chuvash (people)[族]楚瓦什人,177,472,559注
  Chuvash (mountain)[地]楚瓦什山,489
  Chuvash language[文]楚瓦什语,577注,559注
  Ch"u Wen[人]朱温,127
  Chu Yüan-chang[人]朱元璋,见Hung-wu
  Ch"u-yueh[族]处月部,见Sha-t"o
  Cialis[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr
  Ciamba[地]占城,见Champa
  Ciangli[地]滋阳,见Tsiyang
  Cianglu[地]长卢,见Tsanglu
  Ciarcian[地]车尔城,见Cherchen
  Cilicia (Little Armenia)[地]西里西亚(小亚美尼亚),8,9,263,264,269,271,281-282,305,312,347,360,361,362,363,370,371,379,382,384
  Cimmerian Bosporus[地]辛梅里安人的博斯普鲁斯,xxvi,18,25,39
  Cimmerians[族]辛梅里安人,v,4-5,6,8,9,10,11,25,545注
  Cinghianfu[地]镇江,见chenkiang
  Circassia[地]塞卡西亚,376,442
  Circassians[族]契尔克斯人,246
  Clavijo[人]克拉维约,453
  Clement V, Pope[人](教皇)克力门五世,314,384
  Clovis[人]克洛维,63
  Coal, mining of[专]煤矿,309
  Cocachin[人]阔阔真,见Kokachin
  Coigangiu[地]淮安,见Hwaian
  Coilum[地]奎隆,见Quilon
  Colchis[地]科尔奇斯,8
  Confederates[族]卫拉特人,见Oirat
  Confucianism[宗]儒教,64,299,300
  Confucius[人]孔子,64
  Constantine V[人]君士坦丁五世,177
  Constantine VII (Porphyrogenitus)[人]君士坦丁七世,177,178,182,577注
  Constantine X (Ducas)[人]君士坦丁十世,185
  Constantine Diogenes[人]康士坦丁·台吉勒斯,182
  Constantine Tych (of Bulgaria)[人]君士坦丁泰奇,399
  Constantinople (Byzantium)[地]君士坦丁堡(拜占庭),xxviii,xxix,56,57,174,176,182,184,276,319,374,399,449,452,453,533
  Cordier, Henri[人]考狄尔,316
  Corlu[地]乔尔卢,184
  Costume[专]服饰,7,8,20,21,51,52,74,97-98,124,223
  Cotan[地]于阗(和田),见Khotan
  Council of Lyons[专]路易斯宗教委员会,370
  Courant, Maurice[人]考朗特,510,515,526,531,532
  Coyat[人]科亚特,277贼吧Zei8。
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