When we write a retroactive policy, we immediately record both the premium and a reserve for the expected losses. The difference between the two is entered as an asset entitled “deferred charges –reinsurance assumed.” This is no small item: at yearend, for all retroactive policies, it was $3.4 billion. We then amortize this asset downward by charges to income over the expected life of each policy. These charges – $440 million in 2002, including charges at Gen Re – create an underwriting loss, but one that is intentional and desirable. And even after this drag on reported results, Ajit achieved a large underwriting gain last year.
当我们签下一张追溯再保险保单时,我们立即将保费收入入帐,并把预期会发生的损失提列准备,至于两者的差额则以一项资产科目"递延费用-承受再保险"入帐,这金额通常都不小,截至年底,帐列资产负债表的这个科目金额就高达34亿美元,之后我们会按这笔资产的预计年限分年摊销,并列为损益减项,2002年的摊销金额高达4.4亿美元(含通用再保部份),这些承保损失是我们事先就预期到的必然科目,但即便帐列盈余因此受到拖累,Ajit去年依然缔造了可观的承保利益。
We want to emphasize, however, that we assume risks in Ajit’s operation that are huge – far larger than those retained by any other insurer in the world. Therefore, a single event could cause a major swing in Ajit’s results in any given quarter or year. That bothers us not at all: As long as we are paid appropriately, we love taking on short-term volatility that others wish to shed. At Berkshire, we would rather earn a lumpy 15% over time than a smooth 12%. If you see Ajit at our annual meeting, bow deeply.
不过我们想要强调的是,我们早就预期到Ajit营运所承担的风险相当的高,甚至远高于世界上其它任何保险业者所自留的风险,因此只要任何一季或任何一个年头有任何单一重大灾害发生,都可能让Ajit的绩效大打折扣,不过这一点一点也不会让我们感到困扰,只要我们收到的保费合理,我们乐于承担那些别人避之唯恐不及的短期损益变动,在Berkshire,我们宁愿赚取变动不拘但达平均15%的投资报酬,也不要稳定的12%报酬,各位如果在股东会上遇到Ajit,记得献上深深的一鞠躬。
Berkshire’s smaller insurers had an outstanding year. Their aggregate float grew by 38%, and they realized an underwriting profit of $32 million, or 4.5% of premiums. Collectively, these operations would make one of the finest insurance companies in the country.
Berkshire其它规模较小的保险公司其表现同样突出,合计浮存金增加了38%,并贡献了3,200万美元的承保利益,约当保费收入的4.5%,如果这些公司加起来,可以堪称为全美最好的保险公司之一。
Included in these figures, however, were terrible results in our California workers’ compensation operation. There, we have work to do. There, too, our reserving severely missed the mark. Until we figure out how to get this business right, we will keep it small.
不过除了这些好消息外,我们在加州退休基金的经营绩效却惨不忍睹,关于那边的业务我们还有许多工作要做,同时提列准备也严重失真,直到我们确信找到把它们搞定的方法,否则我们宁愿维持目前较小的规模。
For the fabulous year they had in 2002, we thank Rod Eldred, John Kizer, Tom Nerney, Don Towle and Don Wurster. They added a lot of value to your Berkshire investment.
感谢Rod Eldred、John Kizer、Tom Nerney、Don Towle及Don Wurster,让2003年成为美好的一年,是他们让各位在Berkshire的投资平添许多价值。
Sources of Reported Earnings帐列盈余的来源
The table that follows shows the main sources of Berkshire’s reported earnings. You will notice that “Purchase-Accounting Adjustments” dropped sharply in 2002, the reason being that GAAP rules changed then, no longer requiring the amortization of goodwill. This change increases our reported earnings, but has no effect on our economic earnings.
下表显示Berkshire帐列盈余的主要来源,大家或许已经发现,2002年的购买法会计调整数大幅减少,其原因在于一般公认会计原则已经过修正,不再要求商誉必须摊销,此举将使得我们的帐面盈余增加,只是这对实质的经济盈余一点影响也没有。
Berkshire’s Share of Net Earnings (in millions) (after taxes and Pre-Tax Earnings Minority interests)
2002 2001 2002 2001
Operating Earnings: Insurance Group:
Underwriting Net Investment Income Apparel (1) Building Products(2)
General Re Berkshire Group GEICO Other Primary
2002 $(1,393) 534 416 32 3,050 229 516
2001 $(3,671) (647) 221 30 2,824 (33) 461
2002 $(930) 347 271 20 2,096 156 313
2001 $(2,391) (433) 144 18 1,968 (28) 287
Finance and Financial Products Business Flight Services MidAmerican Energy (80% owned) Retail Operations Scott Fetzer (excluding finance operation) Shaw Industries(3) Other Businesses
2002 1,016 225 613 166 129 424 256
2001 519 186 565 175 129 292 212
2002 659 133 359 97 83 258 160
2001 336 105 230 101 83 156 131
Purchase-Accounting Adjustments Corporate Interest Expense Shareholder-Designated Contributions Other Operating Earnings Capital Gains from Investments Total Earnings – All Entities
2002 (119) (86) (17) 19 6,010 603 $6,613
2001 (726) (92) (17) 25 453 1,320 $1,773
2002 (65) (55) (11) 12 3,903 383 $4,286
2001 (699) (60) (11) 16 (47) 842 $ 795
(1) Includes Fruit of the Loom from April 30, 2002 and Garan from September 4, 2002.
(2) Includes Johns Manville from February 27, 2001 and MiTek from July 31, 2001.
(3) From date of acquisition, January 8, 2001.
Here’s a summary of major developments at our non-insurancebusinesses:以下是2002年我们非保险事业相关的重点摘要:
MidAmerican Energy’s earnings grew in 2002 and will likely do so again this year. Most of the increase, both present and expected, results from the acquisitions described earlier. To fund these, Berkshire purchased $1,273 million of MidAmerican junior debt (bringing our total holdings of these 11% obligations to $1,728 million) and also invested $402 million in a “common-equivalent” stock. We now own (on a fully-diluted basis) 80.2% of MidAmerican’s equity. MidAmerican’s financial statements are presented in detail on page 37.
中美能源2002年的盈余稳定成长,展望明年仍将维持此一态势,至于盈余成长的来源,不论是目前或将来,主要皆来自于先前提过的购并案,中美能源为了取得购并的资金,已由Berkshire买进该公司发行12.73亿美元的次顺位公司债(此举使得我们累计持有这种年息11%的债权达到17.28亿美元),另外我们还投资了4.02亿美元的约当普通股,总计Berkshire现在持有(在完全稀释基础下)中美能源80.2%的股权,该公司详细的财务报表请参阅37页。
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