To do this job, the committee must make sure that the auditors worry more about misleading its members than about offending management. In recent years auditors have not felt that way. They have instead generally viewed the CEO, rather than the shareholders or directors, as their client. That has been a natural result of day-to-day working relationships and
also of the auditors’ understanding that, no matter what the book says, the CEO and CFO pay their fees and determine whether they are retained for both auditing and other work. The rules that have been recently instituted won’t materially change this reality. What will break this cozy relationship is audit committees unequivocally putting auditors on the spot, making them understand they will become liable for major monetary penalties if they don’t come forth with what they know or suspect.
要达成这项任务,委员会必须确定会计师勇于冒犯管理当局,免于成为同谋误导委员会的共犯,但很遗憾近年来会计师的想法作为却刚好相反,他们往往把公司的CEO,而不是股东或董事当作是客户,这是因为平日合作的关系使然,同时会计师也很清楚,不论公司的报表数字如何,CEO与CFO保证会支付签证公费,并且有权决定是否由原会计师继续进行签证业务及其它服务,而近来修正的法令依然无法改变这个根本的现实,想要打破这种暧昧的关系,唯有靠审计委员会明白地告诉会计师,让他们清楚地了解如果不将所发现或怀疑的事实说出来,他们将必须负担大笔的金钱赔偿。
In my opinion, audit committees can accomplish this goal by asking four questions of auditors, the answers to which should be recorded and reported to shareholders. These questions are:
我个人认为,审计委员会可以经由询问会计师以下四个问题来达到这个目的,同时必须将他们的回复记录下来,并向股东报告,这四个问题分别是:
1. If the auditor were solely responsible for preparation of the company’s financial statements, would they have in any way been prepared differently from the manner selected by management? This question should cover both material and nonmaterial differences. If the auditor would have done something differently, both management’s argument and the auditor’s response should be disclosed. The audit committee should then evaluate the facts.
1.如果今年是由 贵会计师单独负责本公司的财务报表编制,那么你的做法会不会与现在管理当局准备的报表有所不同? 不论是重大或不重大的差异,都必须答复,如果 贵会计师的做法有任何不同,包含管理当局的论述以及会计师的回复都必须揭露,然后由审计委员会来评估现实的状况。
2. If the auditor were an investor, would he have received – in plain English – the information essential to his understanding the company’s financial performance during the reporting period?
2.如果 贵会计师身为投资人,那么你是否认为已经收到了-讲的白一点-你认为了解这家公司在签证期间财务经营状况,所需的所有必要信息?
3. Is the company following the same internal audit procedure that would be followed if the auditor himself were CEO? If not, what are the differences and why?
3.如果 贵会计师是本公司的CEO,那么你认为本公司是否已经遵循了所有必要的内部稽核程序? 如果没有,是哪边有差异,以及其原因为何?
4. Is the auditor aware of any actions – either accounting or operational –that have had the purpose and effect of moving revenues or expenses from one reporting period to another?
4. 贵会计师是否知悉管理当局有任何可能挪移公司的收入或费用的举动,不管是会计帐面或者是营运统计上的数字?
If the audit committee asks these questions, its composition – the focus of most reforms – is of minor importance. In addition, the procedure will save time and expense. When auditors are put on the spot, they will do their duty. If they are not put on the spot . . . well, we have seen the results of that.
我相信如果审计委员会能确实询问会计师以上四个问题,那么其组织架构(这是大部分改革计画的重点)就一点也不重要了,此外,这样的做法可以大大节省时间跟成本,当会计师被推上火线,保证他们会乖乖负起职责,但如果让他们静静地躲在角落,嗯! 届时你就知道结果如何。
The questions we have enumerated should be asked at least a week before an earnings report is released to the public. That timing will allow differences between the auditors and management to be aired with the committee and resolved. If the timing is tighter – if an earnings release is imminent when the auditors and committee interact – the committee will
feel pressure to rubberstamp the prepared figures. Haste is the enemy of accuracy. My thinking, in fact, is that the SEC’s recent shortening of reporting deadlines will hurt the quality of information that shareholders receive. Charlie and I believe that rule is a mistake and should be rescinded.
我们列举的这些问题必须要财务报表正式对外公布的前一个礼拜提出,这段时间应该足够让委员会了解会计师与管理当局间的差异在哪里,并把问题解决,因为如果时间太紧,将会面临财报发布在即,但会计师与委员会却还在沟通的窘境,这将使委员会迫于压力沦为橡皮图章的老路,时间越赶,准确度就越差,就像是我个人认为,证管会最近缩短财报公布的时程的做法,将严重影响到股东们接收财务信息的品质,查理跟我认为这样的规定根本就是个错误,应该要立即加以改正。
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